Few people outside the steroid subculture realize that these anabolic steroids have been available for over fifty years. The
history of steroids in sports is not a recent phenomena. Athletes have been experimenting with these drugs practically from the moment they became commercially available.
The proverbial genie was out of the bottle shortly after organic chemists working for Schering and Ciba won the 1938 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery of synthetic methods of preparing
testosterone. This major breakthrough in the pharmaceutical world allowed the development of new anabolic steroids to flourish. And gave athlete an entirely new way to enhance performance.
The first available steroids to be used in human clinical trials were esterified and methylated versions of testosterone created by chemists in the 1930s e.g.
testosterone propionate and
methyltestosterone. The potential of these anabolic drugs resulted in an unprecedented effort by pharmaceutical companies to discover superior synthetic steroid hormones with minimal androgenic side effects such as virilization.
Searle, Organon, Ciba, Schering and Syntex spent massive resources on developing new synthetic anabolic steroids during a period known as the "golden age of steroid research". Practically all of the popular steroids currently used today had been developed by 1965. These included
Dianabol,
Anadrol,
Anavar,
Winstrol,
Halotestin,
Equipoise,
Deca Durabolin,
Primobolan Depot,
Oral Turinabol,
Masteron,
Proviron and
Trenbolone Acetate.
The bodybuilding community's fascination with anabolic steroids and their anabolic potential rapidly increased during the late 1950s. West Coast bodybuilders experimented with steroids commercially available in the United States e.g. testosterone propionate, methyltestosterone and
Nilevar. However, it wasn’t until
Ciba Pharmaceuticals introduced Dianabol in 1958 that steroid use quickly went mainstream in bodybuilding and weightlifting before gradually spreading to other strength sports and eventually to all competitive sports.
IFBB Mr. Olympia Larry Scott reported that most of the top competitive bodybuilders were using steroids by 1960. Mr. Universe champion Bill Pearl confirmed that steroid use was no longer an underground practice among top bodybuilders corroborating Scott’s assessment of the steroid scene in bodybuilding.
The use of anabolic steroids was pervasive in the West Coast bodybuilding subculture and the East Coast weightlifting subculture by the early to mid-1960s. Steroid use rapidly spread to many other sports during this period. It has been estimated that most Olympic athletes at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics had experimented with some type of anabolic steroid. The systematic and organized use of steroids had already made its way into professional American football by the 1950s well before steroids in baseball made headlines decades later.
So many athletes in all elite athletic disciplines were using steroids by 1969 that Jon Hendershott, editor of Track and Field News, facetiously called anabolic steroids the “breakfast of champions”. Dianabol emerged as the steroid of choice among American bodybuilders and athletes. But the Russians preferred their Retabolil (
nandrolone decanoate) plus Nerobol (
methandrostenolone) stacks. And the East Germans loved their
Oral Turinabol.
Today, athletes in all sports use anabolic steroids. From bodybuilders, weightlifters and football players to cyclists, marthon runners and tennis players, steroids have become a fixture in elite amateur and professional sport competition.