In summer 1977, many NFL linemen used anabolic-androgenic steroids [AAS] for gaining size and power. So-called lightweight linemen were getting scarce, like Gerry Mullins, a converted tight end playing offensive guard for Pittsburgh, at 240 pounds and less.
Mullins did not use steroids, but he recognized muscle doping, particularly in rookie Steve Courson, a hulking, speedy Steelers draft pick from the University of South Carolina. Courson weighed 260 pounds with ripped abs, bench-pressing upwards of 500, fresh off a cycle of Dianabol pills. Everyone gaped, seeing Courson at Steelers camp in Latrobe, Pa., for his “Atlas” physique and feats at the outdoor barbell racks. Mullins looked on, preferring cold beer to gain pounds, not hoisting iron.
During an exhibition game, Courson came in from the sideline, tapping Mullins at the Steelers huddle.
“What are you doing?” Mullins responded.
“I’m playing right guard,” Courson said.
“I’m playing right guard,” Mullins said.
“I always played right guard in college.”
“This isn’t college,” Mullins informed Courson. “Get over to left guard.”
Courson obeyed in the moment, but he would not go away for old-school Mullins. They became friends, in fact, and bachelor Mullins opened his home for Courson as a roommate. The easygoing veteran and rookie enjoyed pastimes in common, including city nightlife. But Gerry “Moon” Mullins declined anabolic steroids, which he did not deem necessary, not even for the NFL. Courson later related that “one of the Steeler assistant coaches gave Moon some Dianabol… Moon threw the pills away.”
An ironic parting loomed for the pals, because Courson continued to improve on the field and grow larger, stronger. Lack of size caught up to Mullins at training camp in 1980, when the Steelers released the nine-year performer, after Courson became the starter at right guard.
Mullins was disappointed, with four Super Bowl rings for Pittsburgh, but a realist.
“The whole league is changing,” he said. “Players are getting bigger, stronger and faster. And if teams don’t [add size], they aren’t going to be successful. Pittsburgh has evolved from what has been going through the league, and that’s probably why they’ll stay successful.”
Mullins rejected offers from Cleveland and Houston and retired from football. He stayed in Pittsburgh, starting a family and entering business.
Steelers tackle Jon Kolb retired to become the team’s strength and conditioning coach in 1982. Kolb said steroid use was “quite common” on some teams, speaking with the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
“On others, it’s not.” Kolb did not discuss AAS on the Steelers, saying, “The bottom line is, if [steroids] are taken in four- to six-week cycles, they have not been shown to have irreversible side effects.”
Kolb and Courson were among Steelers who bench-pressed more than 500 pounds.
Courson said most Pittsburgh linemen used AAS from 1977 through 1984, on offense and defense, a majority that reflected the NFL at-large.
“There were probably a few [linemen] in the league playing on natural ability, and technique,” Courson said in 2005.
“On my team, the only guy that I knew [for sure] was Gerry Mullins, and I took his job, okay?”
Testing for anabolic-androgenic steroids debuted—and failed—at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal. Athletes juiced with impunity, primarily by timing steroid use to beat urinalysis and by injecting testosterone, undetectable.
Doping gurus apparently employed “designer” steroids invisible to testing, a bootleg class destined for the future BALCO scandal. A designer steroid packed “muscle-building effect” while altered molecules flew under radar at Montreal and subsequent competitions, according to experts such as Dr. Irving Dardik of the USOC. Testing could identify only a handful of patented AAS compounds. “Blood doping” or oxidizing for athletic endurance was also new, untraceable at Montreal.
Sport antidoping was faulty for 50 years, already, but testing always expanded. Pharmaceuticals and techniques had impacted athletics and made news since the Depression, arousing policymakers from sport officials to politicians.
American antidoping dated to 1933, when a French saliva test was introduced for horseracing in Florida. Gambling on horses was promoted for the Everyman, “John Q. Public,” and when fixing scandals rocked the industry, a saliva test was adopted for “clean” racing. A “saliva laboratory” was erected, touted to detect substances in thoroughbreds at Hialeah Racetrack in Miami.
But the saliva test had kicked around Europe for a decade, debunked by experts, and was quickly deemed “no good” in the United States. Undetectable substances included Benzedrine Sulfate, the breakout amphetamine of Smith, Kline and French Laboratories. “To say that doping of horses has been eliminated… brings forth nothing but a laugh from the old-timers,” declared The Associated Press in 1935. The Baltimore Sun dismissed the saliva assay, noting “scheming and desperate owners and trainers have found a way to get around it.”
A sportswriter speculated human athletes might be doped like horses. Indeed, American football players had been fed “stimulants” since turn of the century, according to historic news-pages. Caffeine and alcohol, cocaine and strychnine were mixtures to dope schoolboys and college players, but the “effect was too short” for football games. Amphetamines emerged during the Thirties, energizing athletes with “greater staying power,” reported the Boston Globe.
Synthesized testosterone was mass-produced, publicized worldwide, and undoubtedly influenced sport. Testosterone injectables were released by an international “cartel” of interests that included the German Nazi Party and Ciba Pharmaceuticals, the latter with plants in Switzerland and New Jersey. Potent testosterone propionate was widely available by the shot, from a doctor or pharmacist, and by the ampule, for personal needle injection. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to two engineers of testosterone drugs, a Swiss and a German, in 1939.
In the same year, doping controversy engulfed the English Football Association, professional soccer. Reported “gland” injections boosted title clubs at Wolverhampton and Portsmouth, which bested 60 other teams that stood “untreated.” The gland guru and team managers said a mixture of “endocrine tonic” and Vitamin B pumped the players.
“No medical treatment would make footballers out of laggards, but I really believe the treatment is helping,” said Wolverhampton manager Frank Buckley. “Tones the lads up, you know, keeps them from colds; makes them think more quickly.”
“No, it isn’t a stunt, and there is no secret about it. If it will benefit the whole of football, improve the game, then let other clubs do the same. But don’t think it’s an automatic method of winning the Cup.”
“It is not dope. It consists only of substances which are already in the human body. It is a scientific medical treatment.”
London sportswriter Richard Lewis determined the formula was “hormone therapy,” of glands broadly defined, which encompassed injectable testosterone propionate, three years on the market.
“Soccer is not the only branch of sport to which hormone therapy has penetrated,” Lewis observed, without specifying substances in the domain of endocrinology. “In boxing it is the heavyweights who are most affected by gland treatment, because they normally lack the speed and alertness of movement possessed by the lightweights.”
“In tennis several players, I was told, have been treated… Many golfers—amateurs as well as professionals—have had injections during the past three years… Fastest sports of all—ice hockey and speedway [motor] racing—also have their devotees who swear by gland injections… players in first-class cricket, several have been treated.”
“Two years before the treatment was generally used for athletes, it was made available for racehorses and greyhounds. But even here names cannot be used.”
Athletes needed testing, posed an American sportswriter, but horseracing remained the only sport to grapple with antidoping. By 1941, racing officials touted urinalysis as the next panacea to cleanse steeds of substances induced by humans. There was talk of blood testing, sounding good in theory, but inapplicable for lack of development and resources. A saliva-urine analysis battery was established at many tracks but to no avail, for fallibility and woeful funding, among problems. Horse doping continued, rampant and trending toward the anabolic power-enhancing of testosterone.
Early American testosterone accounts included the cases of a broken-down racehorse, in need of rejuvenation, and a group of scrawny boys who aspired to play football and baseball. Doctors conducted these so-called studies of propionate injections and reported favorable results. At St. Louis, “hormone shots” boosted “physical and mental vigor” in a sample of workmen, reportedly.
“Vitamin shots” became the catch-all term in American news from the 1940s through 1960s, for explaining physical and cosmetic enhancement by athletes and pop figures. Hollywood devotees of hypodermic injection included actors George Raft, Errol Flynn, Carmen Miranda, and singer Eddie Fisher.
Baseball greats took “vitamin” shots, including Lou Gehrig for ALS treatment, and Mel Ott, Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays and Roberto Clemente for excelling on the field. A group of Brooklyn Dodgers were injected during the 1955 World Series, as the franchise won its first championship. Countless football teams lined up for “vitamin” injections at high schools, colleges, and in the NFL. Giants stars Frank Gifford and Alex Webster had a needle session with team physician Dr. Francis Sweeney, “his B1 and B12 shots,” in a group pose for a wire photo.
Drug scandal and debate exploded across American athletics in the latter Fifties, over amphetamines and opioids, slang pep pills and painkillers. Some voices cried for testing—despite the publicized folly of the nation’s first antidoping organ, the Thoroughbred Racing Protective Bureau.
The TRPB was founded to fanfare in the postwar, stocked with former FBI agents and policemen who talked a good game and politicked, enjoying contacts and media privilege while failing to protect horses from drugs. Information was controlled. This antidoping model for public image was later replicated and maintained, however inept at real prevention, by Olympic committees, by NCAA administrations, by Major League Baseball, and by the NFL under commissioners Pete Rozelle, Paul Tagliabue and Roger Goodell.
A horseracing whistleblower struck in 1955, John McAllister Kater, biology professor and former chief scientist for the TRPB. Kater wrote a lengthy first-person account for Life Magazine, alleging undetectable testosterone was widespread among the performance-enhancing substances at tracks.
“The people who control racing would have us believe that the use of testosterone, doping, and all other forms of dishonesty are a thing of the past; they advertise widely that organized racing protects the public with the saliva-urine tests for doped horses and polices itself with its own staff of experts and sleuths.”
“Any smart operator can get around the saliva and urine tests—and the TRPB knows it because I kept saying so inside TRPB for years. The tests never were a real safeguard against doping, and they still are not as of this day.” Minimally a dozen drugs “hopped” horses without detection, Kater stated.
“What all this means is that the present saliva-urine tests are the merest window dressing. Nobody who wants to dope a horse need stand in fear of them. They serve no real purpose except to make the public think that racing has cleaned house.”
In the early 1960s, Corpus Christi, Tex., became an intersection for anabolic steroids in football, at every level of the game, according to news evidence uncovered in modern electronic search. Steroid pushers were afoot in the coastal area, providing Dianabol and more to prep players in Corpus Christi and to college players in nearby Kingsville, at Texas A&I.
Corpus Christi schools won state championships in Texas prep football, and the beach town hosted coaching clinics and a bowl game for college stars. Associates of Alvin Roy visited regularly, if not the Baton Rouge guru himself, including Al Davis, Sid Gillman, and Hugh “Bones” Taylor, representing franchises of the new American Football League. Taylor persuaded young Sidney Blanks to use steroids, giving pills to the college player and others at A&I. Taylor then drafted Blanks for the Houston Oilers, and the beefed-up, faster athlete was named All-AFL in 1964.
Teenage players were fed steroids at Ray High School in Corpus Christi as early as 1961. School officials later confirmed an AAS program on the football team, blaming parents and a doctor for the drugs. Officials claimed Ray High football coach Bill Stages and his staff were unaware.
Bill Stages was friends with Gillman, the San Diego coach who, along with Roy, conducted the Dianabol program for Chargers players. Stages was also acquainted with Houston’s Coach Taylor and with Al Davis, who headed the Raiders in Oakland, where “special pills” helped center Jim Otto gain 50 pounds. Gillman, Taylor and Davis served as celebrity coaches for the college bowl in Corpus Christi through 1963; practices were held at Ray and Miller high schools.
Steroids were not at Grand Prairie High in Texas, said football trainer Bob McClintock, though he added: “I think these aids are fine, as long as they are given under a physician’s direction, and as long as the person to whom they are given needs them or can use them… and it has to be in a doctor-boy-parent relationship.”
“I think the controversy surrounding [steroids] is due to negligence involved in properly monitoring their usage.”
Elsewhere in school football of the 1960s and ’70s, AAS programs made news at Tomball, Tex., Choctaw, Fla., and in Southern California, prep teams under the purview of Dr. H. Kay Dooley, who endorsed the drugs for athletic performance. Cases of individual use occurred at Valley Head and Mountain Brook high schools in Alabama, footballers later reported.
In Kern County, Calif., Dr. Donald Sheffel reported: “I’m told several local high-school coaches are advising boys to use these dangerous hormones, as well as vitamin and mineral supplements to gain strength, sheer bulk. This problem is fairly common enough to warrant serious attention by parents and school administrators.”
Dr. Martin Blazina, UCLA team physician, said: “To me, the high school athlete is our area of greatest concern. Drugs can have a profound effect on a growing person. Growth can be restricted. If the pros are known to be using drugs, and nothing can be done about it, you’re going to have a helluva time doing anything about it at the high-school and college level.”
“It’s all dope,” remarked Lamar Richardson at Longwood, Fla., prep coach and former NFL player, in 1973. “You have kids taking Vitamin C tablets, salt tablets, aspirins, dextrose muscle relaxers, [diuretic] pills for losing weight, things like Dianabol to add bulk. After a while he has no trouble taking something.”
“It’s hard to say how well a guy might be doing if he wasn’t on something. Dope, whatever kind, is definitely more widespread in athletics than before. But most coaches just don’t want to think about it… It’s just there. You can get it on any team if you want something.”
In the Mid-South, some parents wanted steroids for their football sons. The Memphis Commercial Appeal reported “parents of senior and junior high athletes have been requesting anabolic steroid prescriptions for their adolescents.” A PE professor said that “parents, in complete ignorance, ask for these [drugs] for their child.”
“They think it’ll make him a better athlete and help him obtain a college scholarship”—a plan that succeeded for many users, especially in collision football, with size and strength a premium.
A Canadian youth wrote Ann Landers, advice columnist, from Edmonton, Alberta:
“Some of my buddies are taking steroids to gain weight so they can make the football team next fall. They are also taking [testosterone], a synthetic androgen. Most doctors refuse to prescribe steroids or androgen unless there is a medical reason, so the kids get the stuff from a druggist friend.”
“We’ve been hearing scary reports about side effects. Please check and tell me if these drugs are dangerous.”
Landers replied: “A normal young male does not need supplemental doses of steroids or androgen. The body manufactures a sufficient quantity. When these fellows add to nature’s supply, they are begging for trouble.”
“The druggist ‘friend’ who would sell drugs to kids without a prescription is no friend.”
California stood spotlighted for anabolic-androgenic steroids in the 1970s, like it or not in the Golden State. An array of events, celebrity figures, rhetoric and symbolism involved muscle-building, with messages often conflicting, from SoCal to NorCal.
Muscular individuals stood out in Cali sports and pop culture, like enormous NFL players who gained TV and film roles, commercial endorsements. Bodybuilding contests were publicly funded like football games, and weightlifting gyms dotted the beaches. California bodybuilding produced native stars and attracted imports like Frank Zane of Florida, and Arnold Schwarzenegger from Austria, the “Babe Ruth” of musclemen, touted the Los Angeles Times.
In contrast, health officials and politicians decried the “misuse” of AAS, for publicized scandals in football and track and field. The Los Angeles Times, taking a different focus than lovable Arnold, warned readers that steroids and amphetamines permeated schools and colleges. The NCAA response was a poster, “Get High On Sports, Not Drugs,” endorsed by schools, the NFL and USOC. Many voices declared hazards as cold fact, claiming testosterone and derivative AAS drugs could kill healthy specimens in off-label “abuse.” Urinalysis and laws were proposed for prevention.
The drug issue besieged athletic officials at the University of California in Berkeley. Cal physician Dr. Jerome “Jerry” Patmont, football coach Ray Willsey, and track coach Dave Maggard took heat from campus and nationwide for allegations of doped athletes. “Hormone pills” and weightlifting pumped a Bears quarterback in 1966, Rick Telegan, he told the Fresno Bee newspaper.
In 1970, UC-Berkeley was ripped by rivals like Darryl Rogers, football coach at Fresno State. “I know Dr. Patmont has had great results with the steroids in building weight” of athletes, said Rogers, referring to linemen, discus throwers and shot putters. The Fresno coach did not mention steroids’ infiltration of his own football team, as players later alleged in The Bee.
Spicy charges about Cal football made headlines in the Bay Area and on news wires, networks. Bears linebacker Mike Mohler discussed his survey of teammates and findings, estimating 28 percent used AAS and 48 percent used amphetamines. Bears co-captain Jim Calkins clarified he was prescribed steroids by Dr. Patmont for gaining size and strength. Calkins, talented receiver, weighed 200 to 210 for the tight end position, where his competitors ranged from 220 to 235 pounds.
Calkins gained weight but quit AAS within two months, experiencing adverse side effects, “disillusionment with big-time athletics,” he told Jack Scott, Berkeley sport sociologist. Notoriety spread of the Calkins case, illuminating steroids in football, through Scott’s New York Times report and the book Out of Their League by David Meggyesy, former NFL linebacker. Syndicated sports columnists Sandy Padwe and Robert Lipsyte commented on Calkins and UC doping.
Dr. Patmont promised “spot checks” for AAS. The MD denied knowing a single user in Cal athletics, and critics howled. Willsey, the head football coach and assistant athletic director, dismissed drug allegations as redundant and answered nothing. Bears track coach Dave Maggard bombed at a Los Angeles hearing, portraying steroid use as passé, isolated, of no serious risk to athletes. Maggard was a former Olympic shot putter, soon to be named the Cal AD, who used AAS in the past. Maggard sounded evasive, disingenuous next to witnesses like author Meggyesy, Paul Lowe, formerly of the Chargers and Chiefs, and doping guru Dr. H. Kay Dooley, each testifying of steroid pervasiveness in football.
College players indicated use spanned nationwide at major schools of NCAA football, if the drugs were not widespread through rosters, during the 1970s. Most witnesses spoke as ex-players, years later, and some teams were tagged for systemic use.
Steroid cases of decade football were reported at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, at Clemson, Vanderbilt, Tennessee, Louisville, Mississippi, Arkansas, Delaware, Temple, Cincinnati, Michigan State, Wisconsin, Colorado State, and Yankton State in South Dakota, where Lyle Alzado took the drugs.
Temple offensive center Bob Paschall began steroids in 1973.
“I was one of the lighter users,” Paschall asserted a decade later as a physician, speaking with Paul Domowitch of the Philadelphia Daily News. “At least 20 percent of the linemen and linebackers I knew were definitely taking them.”
“I started to finally read about [AAS] when I got to med school. That’s when I started to wonder what the hell I had done to myself.”
Steroid programs, involving group intake and weightlifting directed by coaches and/or staff, were reported at the University of Hawaii, Oregon State, Utah, UC-Berkeley, SMU and South Carolina, according to news-pages in e-search and additional sources.
Steve Courson was a natural behemoth at the University of South Carolina in summer 1974, a few months shy of his 19th birthday, lifting for football in the stadium weight room. As a freshman he was a key backup on the defensive line. Courson stood 6-foot-1, 230 pounds, shredded. He benched 400 without steroids, clocked a 4.7 in the 40-yard dash, and dunked a basketball, including reverse and “windmill” leaps. He was among the strongest Gamecocks.
But Courson needed more, playing major-college football.
“By the time I got to SC, strength-wise I’d pretty much hit the wall,” Courson said decades afterward. “I could’ve gotten bigger over time when I was in college, but I probably only would’ve gained 10 more pounds. And it would’ve taken a long time to do it.”
Courson, son of a nurse, first heard of anabolic steroids at age 12, when he met a user footballer from Texas. In Columbia, Gamecocks teammates urged Courson to juice, and he seriously considered it, preparing for his sophomore season. About a dozen linemen were using AAS at the time, according to a subsequent news report. Courson would author a book, False Glory, writing of influences and his decision to juice in college:
“I remember working out in the weight room with one of the assistant coaches, a guy whom I liked and respected because he trained as hard as his players. We were both doing some bench presses, and I noticed there were some little blue pills in a bowl on a nearby table. The coach half-kiddingly, said to me: ‘Hey, Steverino, maybe you should try some of those.’ ”
“The pills were Dianabol, the first American steroid. They were sitting in a corner, available to anyone who stuck his hands in the bowl.”
“I went to one of the team physicians and told him that I wanted to gain weight. I asked him, ‘What about steroids?’… He simply took my blood pressure and handed me a prescription for 30 five-milligram tablets of Dianabol, the same pills I had seen in the weight room. He said to take in a lot of protein. I took the prescription to the local pharmacy, and the university was billed—again, no questions asked.”
Courson would not identify that weight room mentor, but South Carolina’s strength coach in 1974 was Johnny Parker, 27, a native Mississippian hired by coach Paul Dietzel. Parker was a protégé of Alvin Roy the notorious, cohort of Dietzel at LSU and Sid Gillman, Hank Stram and Tom Landry in pro football.
Parker publicly denounced anabolic steroids and would always claim zero use on the teams he represented, colleges to the NFL. He became strength coach of Bill Parcell’s Giants, Super Bowl champs who Parker insisted were steroid-free—during the 1980s, no less, when muscle-drug revelations exploded until quieted by “antidoping” enforcement of the NCAA and NFL.
Dietzel brought Johnny Parker to Indiana University in 1977, for the football program of coach Lee Corso. Dietzel was the IU athletic director, and when he returned to LSU in 1978, as the AD, Parker followed, becoming strength coach for the Tigers. Back at IU, spring 1979, some 20 football players were using steroids when juco transfer Marty Young arrived, a junior lineman for Corso’s Hoosiers.
Young was also recruited by Northwestern and Kansas, but he liked Corso, “a real salesman and the reason why I picked Indiana,” the player said. “He’s very nervous. When the game is especially close, he’ll walk the sidelines with ammonia caps. But he can be very humorous, too.”
Young trained hard, lifting iron while consuming the steroid Anavar and injecting testosterone. The drugs were provided by his father, a horse trainer, who obtained them from a physician, Young said later. He upped his weight 25 pounds to 265, starting at defensive tackle and nose guard in two seasons for Indiana before graduation.
In 1983, Young told his story of steroid use in Hoosiers football to writer John Ed Bradley, for a report in the Washington Post.
“I knew and respected all the bad effects, but it made my strength go up so much faster,” Young said. “If I ever had to play again, there’s no question that I would take steroids again without thinking twice.”
Bradley contacted Indiana strength coach Bill Montgomery in Bloomington.
“How many of our players used steroids, I really don’t know,” Montgomery said. “I never approved of that, so it was kept away from me. I heard rumors, though.”
Indiana AD Ralph Floyd declined comment, other than to remark: “Drugs and alcohol are the biggest problem in college athletics today.”
Lee Corso, having moved into football broadcasting, declined to address steroid use on his former IU teams.
“But you can quote me on one thing,” Corso told the Indianapolis Star. “I guarantee you there isn’t a coach coaching football in America today that would ever ask a player to do that. That is, do anything to harm his body for the good of the football program.”
“There is not one single guy in the profession that would do that. Absolutely not one of them.”
Given the accounts of NFL players who discussed using anabolic steroids, the league was awash with the drugs, and some abuse, by the late 1970s. No team was immune, despite the denials of coaches, staffers and owners. Commissioner Pete Rozelle spoke as though muscle doping hardly existed in pro ball, a lie perpetuated by some players, responding to media questions.
Nonetheless, steroid use of the decade would be reported on teams such as the Rams, Chargers, Seahawks, Broncos, Chiefs, Cardinals, Cowboys, Oilers, Dolphins, Falcons, Colts, Bears, Browns, Steelers, Colts, Patriots and Jets.
A future Hall of Famer acknowledged his use while an active player, Randy White of the Super Bowl Cowboys, known as the “Manster” at defensive tackle. White discussed steroids with Skip Bayless, inquiring sportswriter of the Dallas Times Herald. Bayless confronted Landry, renowned coach of “America’s Team” bound for Canton, a close friend of evangelist Billy Graham.
“Landry, who tightropes between his religious image and Super Bowl realities, takes a see-no-evil stance,” Bayless reported in 1983, having confirmed Dallas players obtained steroids from team doctors. Landry’s strength coach was Bob Ward, an avowed juicer once tutored by Alvin Roy with the Cowboys.
But Landry acted oblivious, claiming to be anti-drug. “We haven’t dispensed any [AAS] so we don’t know,” Landy said. “The bad thing about sports is that people are afraid to get behind. If they hold, you gotta hold, too. That’s not right, but that’s the American way.”
Joe Klecko was drafted by the Jets in 1977, standout defensive tackle from the Temple program of coach Wayne Hardin, where collegians juiced. “When I came up with the Jets, there was quite a bit of steroid use by our linemen,” Klecko said for his book Nose To Nose, co-authored with teammate Joe Fields and sportswriter Greg Logan. Klecko consumed AAS orals and injected testosterone in cycles, which he described as light dosages, to max his bench press around 525, then some hundred pounds shy of the world record.
“I used steroids when I wanted to be bear strong for the three NFL Strongman contests I entered in the offseason from 1979 through 1981,” Klecko told Logan. “I took them for six weeks at a time, and I had doctors watching me to make sure I was safe.”
The prime danger was playing football, Klecko maintained, not using steroids to cope. Klecko wreaked havoc on opponents but likewise his own joints and tissue, suffering numerous injuries and surgeries, as an all-time D-lineman in stopping the run and pressuring the quarterback. The Hall of Fame at Canton was incomplete without Klecko, a great player, legendary for pain tolerance and injury comebacks. Klecko was 6-foot-3 and about 290 pounds at his peak, with lightening feet—“Ox-Strong, Cat-Quick,” headlined the NYT for a Klecko profile.
Klecko said “steroids help some injuries heal faster, and they keep you stronger longer to help you get through the season. There was never any pressure on me to try them, but I did because I felt steroids might give me an edge… I don’t think steroids should be used by younger people. High school kids’ bodies are nowhere near mature enough.”
“In professional football, you’re getting paid to play. That psychological edge is such a tough edge to keep that it makes you do things you wouldn’t do otherwise.”
Like ingesting massive doses of opioids, Klecko acknowledged, regarding himself and peers in the NFL. Klecko once shredded his patella tendon of the right knee, requiring surgery that left a wire crimped at the kneecap. His painkiller prescription was Percodan, monster medication.
“They gave me 30 Percodan I was supposed to take for the pain my first week home,” he said. “But I was in such pain the first weekend that I took that 30 and got more from my own doctors. So, I took about 45 Percodan pills in a weekend. I was like a zombie.”
Steve Courson startled America in 1985, publicly detailing steroids in football. Courson, All-Pro lineman traded to Tampa Bay from Pittsburgh, was contacted by Sports Illustrated writer Jill Lieber, who was working a story on the issue. Courson recalled the episode for me in 2005, prior to his death of a tree-cutting accident.
“The game is full of compromises,” Courson said. “We compromise ourselves when we go to training camp. We’d rather be at the beach. We compromise when we have some jerk-off coach run you down in front of your teammates, humiliate you, because it’s all part of making the team better, and you hold yourself back. You compromise when they stick the pain-killing needle into your knee, when they need you to play.”
“So, the drugs are just another compromise. And, for me in 1985, I make all those compromises to play that game, then I’m starting to have some health problems, and I don’t know what the score is. I’m sitting in this no-man’s land… asked to tell the truth about [steroids]. I’ll compromise to a point, but I’m not going to lie about it. I was willing to compromise to do what I did, use the anabolic drugs. I would do all of that for them, but not lie for them.”
Lieber asked Courson if he used anabolic steroids and, if so, would he discuss the scope in football, for the record?
“Yes,” he said.
Short of naming another user, Courson told Lieber everything he knew, everything he’d done in anabolic drugs. A blockbuster story resulted for SI, May 1985, headlined “Getting Physical—And Chemical,” mostly a running narrative of Courson quotes.
“Steroids are a different realm of drug from speed or painkillers,” he said. “They enhance your natural ability. They are a building block. They can take you somewhere. I can’t condone steroid use, but I can morally accept it as an aid.”
“A lot of guys won’t talk about their steroid use. They won’t even tell their wives. I’m talking about it because I don’t want to be hypocritical, because I believe in telling the truth.”
“Seventy-five percent of the linemen in the NFL are on steroids and 95 percent have probably tried them. Even in college, they’re widely used. Rookies, at every training camp, have asked me about them. Most of them have tried some kind of steroid. They’ve all used Dianabol. I never recommend steroids to high school kids. I tell them they’re too young. I say, ‘Wait until you get everything you can from your body, naturally.’ ”
“Football is my business,” Courson concluded. “I take this attitude toward drugs: They give me an edge in my business. I don’t regret anything I’ve done so far as pharmaceutical use is concerned. It’s very easy for people on the outside to criticize. But it’s different when it’s your livelihood, when it’s your job to keep a genetic mutation from getting into your backfield.”
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About the author
Matt Chaney is an editor, author and publisher living in Missouri, USA. Matt is the author of Spiral Of Denial: Muscle Doping In American Football. His work on performance-enhancing drugs in sports has appeared in newspapers, wire service, magazines, including The Associated Press, Deadspin.com, Vice.com, New York Daily News, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Kansas City Star, Columbia Tribune, Beckett Baseball Monthly.
Email: mattchaney@fourwallspublishing.com. For more information, see FourWallsPublishing or chaneysblog.com.
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