The kidneys are responsible, among other things, for filtering the blood and producing urine. They do so by creating a filtrate from the large amounts of blood that are flowing through them. Usually, over a liter of blood passes through the kidneys every minute. If you subtract the nonfluid fraction of this, thus leaving you […]
Measuring and Treating High Blood Pressure in Anabolic Steroid Users
In my previous article I discussed how there’s an increased mortality and morbidity risk when systolic blood pressure increases beyond 115 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure exceeds 75 mmHg [1]. A rough indication in how much anabolic steroids tend to affect blood pressure is an increase of around 5 to 10 mmHg in systolic blood […]
Blood Pressure in Anabolic Steroid Users
Having a high blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is one of the most frequent (contributing) causes of death and cardiovascular complications in the world. When measured, it’s split up into systolic pressure (the top number) and diastolic pressure (the bottom number). The systolic blood pressure is the highest pressure reached during contraction of the […]
Anabolic Steroid Chemistry: A Few Words on Esters and Some Other Common Chemical Alterations
There are a great many anabolic steroids which differ from one to another in various (subtle) ways. These differences, in essence, boil down to the underlying differences in chemical structure. In this article I’ll cover some chemical alterations that can be found in common anabolic steroids. I’ll also briefly cover what esters are. Whilst they […]
Treatment of Gynecomastia – An Overview of the Literature
In this article we’ll go over some of the (purported) treatments for gynecomastia in anabolic steroid users. As we’ve established in the previous article, the culprit of gynecomastia development in anabolic steroid users is an imbalance between androgenic and estrogenic action on breast tissue. If it develops during a cycle, it’s likely due to an […]
Gynecomastia: What the Literature Says About Prevalence and Hormonal Causes
Sex hormones play a pivotal role in the development of gynecomastia: the benign enlargement of breast tissue in men. It is an esthetically unpleasant side effect which might result from anabolic steroid use. It is very common in the general population, too. Notably, gynecomastia develops in a lot of men during puberty. An endocrinology textbook […]
How Do SARMs Work? And Where are They?
Selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs for short, sound mythical. The ideal SARM has all the positive effects of anabolic steroids, while not having any of the downsides or side effects. In general, the positive effects are considered to be its muscle-building effect and its stimulatory effect on bone mineral density. All the other effects […]
The Anabolic to Androgenic Ratio is Worthless and Hinders the Quest for Safer Steroids & SARMs
The idea of the anabolic to androgenic ratio is to provide a ratio of how AAS compare relative to each other in terms of their anabolic and androgenic potency. If you want to minimize the risk of androgenic side effects, you can just select an AAS with a very favorable ratio, and you’re all set. However, there are so many issues with the anabolic to androgenic ratio that all these ratios you’ll find online or in the literature are pretty damn worthless.