DFHT confusion
Hopefully someone who uses duel factor training will explain. I would recommend reading about muscle physiology and the way in which muscles grow. Let me just say this for those who may not know. “Hypertrophy” means what we commonly call muscle growth. It specifically means that the muscle fibers you have get larger, not that you get more muscle fibers. Growing more muscle fibers is “hyperplasia” and is not proven in humans and would require extreme tensions. I wouldn’t even worry about hyperplasia. Muscle fibers have various parts. Think of them like tiny water balloons–the long tubular kind. The rubber part would be the structural part that is made up of proteins. The sarcomere. The water in the balloon is the goo that is in your muscles and contains organelles, such as mitochondria (these process substances ie. “food” for energy), ATP which is muscle food, and CP (creatine phospate) which is also used in the process of using food for energy. The goo in the muscle is “sarcoplasm.”
The muscle hypertrophies in two ways: 1. the protein part gets bigger (sarcomere hypertophy) and hence stronger. This would be the skin of the water balloon getting thicker and 2. the sarcoplasm gets fuller or denser (with fluid and with the various constituents). This would be like adding more water to the balloon.
Sarcomere hypertrophy occurs from tension busting up or damaging the protein constituents of your muscle (mostly myosin and actin) which repair in greater numbers. Sarcomplasm hypertropy occurs from fatigue which exhausts food stores in the muscle. The body says “we need to store more stuff in the muscle.” Thus, increasing tension is necessary for sarcomere hypertophy. This dictates progressive loading. Volume and repetitive bouts of anaerobic work (at least using 60% of your 1 rep max) causes fatigue in the muscle and the increase in sarcomere hypertophy.
Your muscles have hormones in them, such as IGF 1, Testosterone, and GH. When you bust them up through training, the fibers spill their contents all over the muscle, bathing them with these hormones which are then used to repair very muscle from which they spilled. Your body may also detect the damage and release more of these anabolic agents to repair the muscle–hence why weight lifting is said to increase testosterone levels.
What I’ve just described to you is “supercompensation” theory. This theory also holds that working the muscle beyond what is required to induce the maximum growth rate is a waste of time. This theory also holds that training a muscle before it is supercompensated is detrimental for a variety of reasons, including poor workout, and break down of damaged tissue leading to overtraining.
The other factor not mentioned so far is the CNS. When you workout, your CNS (nervous system) takes a beating too. This requires more time to “heal” than your muscles, which repair quickly. Thus, under supercompensation theory your workouts should be designed to allow adequate time for your CNS to recover, but not so long that your muscles lose their supercompensation. What I’m stressing here is the importance of TIMING under supercompensation theory.
Duel factor training arises out of the Eastern Bloc countries which found that their weight lifters could train like crazy, I mean really push it with extreme workouts–perhaps even multiple times a day and still progress. However, after about 3 weeks of this hammering their performance would go down. They needed a break. So, they designed these programs to vary volume with it high and increasing for 3 weeks and then a 4th week of rest.
Now, I’m not so sure that supercompensation theory and this duel factor idea are mutually exclusive. I actually reconcile them and frankly disregard this duel factor phenom for the most part. I think what we really have is training phenomenon showing when overtraining occurs and when you should rest when your adaptive capacity is being exceed for short times. I do the same thing instinctively by simply resting for a week if I need it or by reducing my volume for several times. The differnence is that I don’t intentionally overtrain for 3 week increments.