One more non-retarded study. A comparison of 3 different diets, with identical caloric intake. Note, no difference in fat loss by DEXA. Which is what happens when calories are actually controlled rather than self-reported. LBM losses were higher with the very low-carb group, but almost certainly because of water loss.
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Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(Suppl):S64. Related Articles, Links
Very low carbohydrate diets for weight loss and cardiovascular risk1.
Noakes M, Foster P, Keogh J, Clifton P.
Clinical Research Unit, CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia.
Background - It is not clear to what extent high saturated fat very low carbohydrate (VLCARB) diets for weight loss affect cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Objective - To compare a VLCARB diet isicalorically to 2 conventional weight loss strategies on a spectrum of cardiovascular risk factors after energy balance was re-established. Design - Sixty seven subjects aged 48+/-8y, total cholesterol 5.9+/-1.0mmol/L, and BMI 33+/-3kg/m2 were randomly allocated to one of 3 isocaloric weight loss dietary interventions which were energy restricted for 8 weeks (6MJ) and in energy balance for 4. The diets were Very Low Fat (VLF) (10% fat, 3% saturated fat), High Unsaturated Fat (HUF) (30% fat, 6% saturated fat) and Very Low Carbohydrate (VLCARB) (61% fat, 20% saturated; 4% carbohydrate). Outcomes - VLCARB resulted in 9.2% weight loss compared to VLF (7.3%) and HUF (7.0%) (P=0.034). DEXA data revealed no difference in percent total fat loss between diets. Lean mass loss was higher on VLCARB and VLF (31-32% of weight loss) compared to HUF (21%) (P<0.05). LDL-C increased 0.18+/-0.18mmol/L on VLCARB but decreased 0.40+/-0.11mmol/L on VLF and 0.34+/-0.14mmol/L on HUF (P=0.009). VLCARB had the greatest triglyceride reduction (-0.73+/-0.12mmol/L) followed by HUF (-0.15+/-0.07mmol/L) and VLF (-0.06+/-0.13mmol/L) (P<0.001). HDL-C increased only on VLCARB (+0.06+/-0.03mmol/L). Plasma homocysteine increased 6.6% on VLCARB, decreased 6.8% on VLF and remained unchanged on HUF (P=0.026 for diet effect). VLCARB lowered fasting insulin by 33% compared to a 19% fall on HUF and no change on VLF (P<0.001). All diets resulted in significant decreases in fasting glucose, blood pressure and CRP with weight loss (P<0.05). Conclusion - Under isocaloric conditions VLCARB results in substantial improvements but also some deterioration in cardiovascular risk factors compared to conventional weight loss patterns.
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Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(Suppl):S64. Related Articles, Links
Very low carbohydrate diets for weight loss and cardiovascular risk1.
Noakes M, Foster P, Keogh J, Clifton P.
Clinical Research Unit, CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia.
Background - It is not clear to what extent high saturated fat very low carbohydrate (VLCARB) diets for weight loss affect cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Objective - To compare a VLCARB diet isicalorically to 2 conventional weight loss strategies on a spectrum of cardiovascular risk factors after energy balance was re-established. Design - Sixty seven subjects aged 48+/-8y, total cholesterol 5.9+/-1.0mmol/L, and BMI 33+/-3kg/m2 were randomly allocated to one of 3 isocaloric weight loss dietary interventions which were energy restricted for 8 weeks (6MJ) and in energy balance for 4. The diets were Very Low Fat (VLF) (10% fat, 3% saturated fat), High Unsaturated Fat (HUF) (30% fat, 6% saturated fat) and Very Low Carbohydrate (VLCARB) (61% fat, 20% saturated; 4% carbohydrate). Outcomes - VLCARB resulted in 9.2% weight loss compared to VLF (7.3%) and HUF (7.0%) (P=0.034). DEXA data revealed no difference in percent total fat loss between diets. Lean mass loss was higher on VLCARB and VLF (31-32% of weight loss) compared to HUF (21%) (P<0.05). LDL-C increased 0.18+/-0.18mmol/L on VLCARB but decreased 0.40+/-0.11mmol/L on VLF and 0.34+/-0.14mmol/L on HUF (P=0.009). VLCARB had the greatest triglyceride reduction (-0.73+/-0.12mmol/L) followed by HUF (-0.15+/-0.07mmol/L) and VLF (-0.06+/-0.13mmol/L) (P<0.001). HDL-C increased only on VLCARB (+0.06+/-0.03mmol/L). Plasma homocysteine increased 6.6% on VLCARB, decreased 6.8% on VLF and remained unchanged on HUF (P=0.026 for diet effect). VLCARB lowered fasting insulin by 33% compared to a 19% fall on HUF and no change on VLF (P<0.001). All diets resulted in significant decreases in fasting glucose, blood pressure and CRP with weight loss (P<0.05). Conclusion - Under isocaloric conditions VLCARB results in substantial improvements but also some deterioration in cardiovascular risk factors compared to conventional weight loss patterns.
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