I'm thinking you're just playing devil's advocate here. Just as we know T3 is a metabolite of T4, so also is T2 a metabolite of T3. T3 and T2 just have varying mechanisms of action in fat loss. One is based on mitochondria the other on nuclear transcription. T3 does raise one's GH level. Very interesting. All these findings come from internationally known medical journals. Not to be refuted. So again I say, what numbers have yoh dealt with in weight changes on T3. That is if you have run it. If not, that's cool too.
I am often guilty of playing devil's advocate but I'm not doing so now. Look, thyroid hormone is interesting but it's not the panacea for weight loss that it's made out to be. To be effective for weight loss, it must be used in supraphysiological doses, and those doses are catabolic. Now having said that, an argument can be made for the inclusion of physiological doses of T3 during low carb diets but its beneficial effects in that situation are not due to hypermetabolism.
Regarding T2, it was all the rage a few years ago in weight loss forums but there is no evidence that it does anything in humans. There is animal data showing high dose T2 therapy had a positive effect on weight loss, serum lipids, and diet induced insulin resistance in rats but that's a far cry from being able to say it's beneficial in humans - although that didn't stop the supplement sellers from misapplying the research to their own ends. It never does.
FASEB J. 2005 Sep;19(11):1552-4.
3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine powerfully reduces adiposity in rats by increasing the burning of fats.
Lanni A1,
Moreno M,
Lombardi A,
de Lange P,
Silvestri E,
Ragni M,
Farina P,
Baccari GC,
Fallahi P,
Antonelli A,
Goglia F.
Abstract
The effect of thyroid hormones on metabolism has long supported their potential as drugs to stimulate fat reduction, but the concomitant induction of a thyrotoxic state has greatly limited their use. Recent evidence suggests that 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2), a naturally occurring iodothyronine, stimulates metabolic rate via mechanisms involving the mitochondrial apparatus. We examined whether this effect would result in reduced energy storage. Here, we show that T2 administration to rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) reduces both adiposity and body weight gain without inducing thyrotoxicity. Rats receiving HFD + T2 showed (when compared with rats receiving HFD alone) a 13% lower body weight, a 42% higher liver fatty acid oxidation rate, appoximately 50% less fat mass, a complete disappearance of fat from the liver, and significant reductions in the serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels (-52% and -18%, respectively). Thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels were not influenced by T2 administration. The biochemical mechanism underlying the effects of T2 on liver metabolism involves the carnitine palmitoyl-transferase system and mitochondrial uncoupling. If the results hold true for humans, pharmacological administration of T2 might serve to counteract the problems associated with overweight, such as accumulation of lipids in liver and serum, without inducing thyrotoxicity. However, the results reported here do not exclude deleterious effects of T2 on a longer time scale as well as do not show that T2 acts in the same way in humans.
Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):2730-9.
Nonthyrotoxic prevention of diet-induced insulin resistance by 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine in rats.
de Lange P1,
Cioffi F,
Senese R,
Moreno M,
Lombardi A,
Silvestri E,
De Matteis R,
Lionetti L,
Mollica MP,
Goglia F,
Lanni A.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
High-fat diets (HFDs) are known to induce insulin resistance. Previously, we showed that 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2), concomitantly administered to rats on a 4-week HFD, prevented gain in body weight and adipose mass. Here we investigated whether and how T2 prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:
We investigated the biochemical targets of T2 related to lipid and glucose homeostasis over time using various techniques, including genomic and proteomic profiling, immunoblotting, transient transfection, and enzyme activity analysis.
RESULTS:
Here we show that, in rats, HFD feeding induced insulin resistance (as expected), whereas T2 administration prevented its onset. T2 did so by rapidly stimulating hepatic fatty acid oxidation, decreasing hepatic triglyceride levels, and improving the serum lipid profile, while at the same time sparing skeletal muscle from fat accumulation. At the mechanistic level, 1) transfection studies show that T2 does not act via thyroid hormone receptor β; 2) AMP-activated protein kinase is not involved in triggering the effects of T2; 3) in HFD rats, T2 rapidly increases hepatic nuclear sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity; 4) in an in vitro assay, T2 directly activates SIRT1; and 5) the SIRT1 targets peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC-1α) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c are deacetylated with concomitant upregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and downregulation of lipogenic genes, and PPARα/δ-induced genes are upregulated, whereas genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis are downregulated. Proteomic analysis of the hepatic protein profile supported these changes.
CONCLUSIONS:
T2, by activating SIRT1, triggers a cascade of events resulting in improvement of the serum lipid profile, prevention of fat accumulation, and, finally, prevention of diet-induced insulin resistance.