ah well, i didnt read the first post completely so i didnt get he is talking about long time spine health.
I would argue as long as it is properly executed and you are properly warmed up 3-5 reps aint worse than 10-12 reps regarding spine health.
I would even argue doing nothing all day but sitting on the coach is worse than heavy deadlifts. In my 8 years of powerlifting i did not suffer any spine issues.
Knee and elbow issues is another topic xD
for heavy lifting and cardiovascular system: mainly acute damage as
@Type-IIx explained. Risk for Aneurysma for example.