@Ghoul I do think there is an "x factor" missing from the equation of all of this (blood lipids and cardiac events etc). I feel like there needs to be a better way to determine plaque formation/build up/ predictability and a focus on potential avenues for stabilization/regression which does not seem to be showing in the literature. I know you and I have spoken about vascepa (icosapent ethyl) which I am currently on 4g/day, but when I asked my cardiologist about figuring out a way to determine efficacy he was a bit flabbergasted.
There are certainly other factors. The reason for all the focus on LDL is because it carries the vast majority of total risk, and with current treatments easiest to control with lowest sides. So if there's one thing to focus on, LDL has the biggest impact. And the sad fact is, only a small percentage of people at risk control it. Even after heart attacks, most people will stop LDL lowering therapy within a year.
People with low LDL have the lowest rate of cardiovascular "events". It's that straightforward.
BP control is next.
(skipping chronic disease risk factors like diabetes, ckd)
Everything beyond this point is small potatoes by comparison.
Lp(a). Not much to be done at the moment if it's elevated. It's mainly used to guide how aggressive someone should be lowering LDL. IMO you should be as aggressive as the strictest guideline, below 40, regardless. If it's high, meds are coming soon to lower it.
Low HDL: Not much can be done here either besides exercise. Pharmacologically increasing it doesn't reduce risk.
Inflammation and endothelial function. This can be controlled, and can cause ruptured plaque if you have significant existing buildup. The main thing for this however is still, to reduce LDL. Over time existing plaque stabilizes by fibrosis and calcification. Statins (and many other things) reduce inflammation. Daily cialis, GLPs, Telm, Cilnidipine, and other drugs/supps contribute to improved endothelial function.
It would take too long to cover all the other things that reduce risk in this post. But suffice to say, if LDL is lowered sufficiently, all other risk factors (except BP and Lp(a) ) become even less significant (but still worth pursuing ofc).