Found this Japanese patent: テストステロンの精製法
It goes over how to purify Testosterone. I've translated it with AI, here is the translation (original doc attached):
English Translation of Japanese Patent Publication JP S56-2999 (1981)
Purification of testosterone enanthate
Publication Information
- Publication Number: JP S56-2999 (Kokai - Unexamined Patent Publication)
- Publication Date: January 13, 1981 (Showa 56)
- International Patent Classification: C07J 1/00
- Total Pages: 3
Title of Invention
Purification Method for Testosterone (T8NE)
Applicant
Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.
2-5 Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
Inventors
- Eiji Fujimoto: 16 Nishidairyo-cho, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu City
- Natsuki Kano: 3 Higashimagari-cho, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu City
- Kiyotaka Ito: 7 Nichidari 7-chome, Munakata Town, Munakata County, Fukuoka Prefecture
Patent Claims
1. A purification method for crude testosterone, comprising:
- Dissolving crude testosterone in a solvent primarily composed of a lower aliphatic alcohol;
- Cooling the resulting solution to crystallize the testosterone; and
- Recovering the crystallized testosterone, wherein the crystallization is specifically carried out in a mixed solvent system containing 10–50% by weight of water (preferably 20–30% by weight) relative to the alcohol, at a temperature of 0°C or lower.
Detailed Description of the Invention
This invention relates to a purification method for testosterone (hereinafter abbreviated as "T8NE").
Testosterone has a melting point of approximately 150–155°C and typically is obtained as crude crystals through reaction of testosterone base with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride in an anhydrous solvent at temperatures of 60–100°C for 1–10 hours. However, conventional recrystallization methods using only alcohols or ethers yield crystals with low bulk density and fine particle size, causing operational difficulties during stirring in crystallization tanks, discharge of crystals, and separation from mother liquor.
Through extensive investigation, the inventors discovered that conducting crystallization in a mixed solvent system of alcohol and water at a specific ratio yields testosterone crystals with high bulk density and excellent properties, leading to the completion of this invention.
Key Features of the Invention:
Crude testosterone is dissolved in a solvent primarily composed of a lower aliphatic alcohol, then the solution is cooled to crystallize and purify the testosterone. The critical feature is that crystallization must be performed in a mixed solvent containing 10–50% by weight (preferably 20–30% by weight) of water relative to the alcohol, at a temperature of 0°C or lower.
Solvent Selection:
Suitable lower aliphatic alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol, with ethanol being particularly preferred. The water content is critical—too little water results in low bulk density crystals; optimal water content yields dense, well-formed crystals.
Procedure:
1. Dissolve crude testosterone (typically 98.5% purity) in ethanol at 25°C with stirring until completely dissolved.
2. Cool the solution gradually to -20°C.
3. Add water to achieve 25% by weight water content relative to ethanol while stirring.
4. Maintain at -20°C for 1 hour to complete crystallization.
5. Age the crystals for 10–60 minutes after crystallization to ensure complete solidification.
6. Separate crystals from mother liquor, wash, and freeze-dry to obtain purified testosterone with moisture content below 0.5% by weight.
Mechanism:
In the alcohol-water mixed solvent system, testosterone first forms droplets in the solvent, then crystallizes internally within these droplets, yielding larger particle size and higher bulk density crystals—a phenomenon not observed in pure alcohol systems.
Working Example:
2,000 g of pharmaceutical-grade ethanol (water content: 1,000 ppm) was placed in a 2L stirred reactor equipped with a cooling device. 700 g of crude testosterone (98.5% purity) was added and completely dissolved at 25°C. The solution was gradually cooled to -20°C, then 250 g of water (25 wt% relative to ethanol) was added with mixing. Crystallization was carried out for 1 hour at -20°C with stirring. After freeze-drying at -40°C to reduce moisture content to 0.1 wt%, 640 g of purified testosterone with 99.8% purity was obtained. The crystals exhibited high bulk density, excellent handling properties, and easy discharge from the crystallizer.
Comparative Example:
Following the same procedure but omitting water addition during crystallization and cooling the solution to -30°C yielded crystals with extremely low bulk density. The mother liquor became completely entrapped within the crystalline mass, resulting in extremely poor handling properties and making subsequent operations impractical.
Representative
Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Patent Attorney: Hasegawa (and one other)