Russia’s top banker says potentially far-ranging new US sanctions would “make the Cold War look like child’s play” if implemented early next year.
Herman Gref, chief executive of Sberbank, told the FT in an interview that possible US sanctions against oligarchs and state-owned corporations would be “irrational” if they went as far as excluding state banks from the Swift payment system.
The idea has been repeatedly floated by Western politicians since the US and EU passed the first sanctions against Russia over the Ukraine crisis in 2014, but remained on the shelf as a “nuclear option”.
Worsening relations between the US and Russia has added to fears that exclusion from Swift may now be on the cards. A sweeping new law adopted by the US Congress makes it close to impossible for Donald Trump’s administration to lift existing sanctions against Russia and pushes it to broaden them.
The Treasury is due to deliver a report to Congress by early February on oligarchs and “parastatal entities” close to president Vladimir Putin that is likely to be used as a basis for further action. Under existing sanctions, Russian state banks cannot raise debt on Western markets with a maturity of more than 14 days. Bankers fear these sanctions could be further tightened.
An associate of Mr Putin’s since their days in the St Petersburg mayor’s office in the 1990s, Mr Gref, 53, has been one of the most outspoken liberal members of the Russian elite since he left government to head up Sberbank in 2007. Last year, he said Russia was doomed to be an economic “downshifter” due to its stagnant growth and over-reliance on oil and gas exports.
But during that same period, Sberbank has become a roaring success. The once-decrepit state structure has posted record profits for four of the last five quarters, plans to double dividend payouts by 2020, and now espouses Silicon Valley-style tech futurism.
Mr Gref — who ditched his suit for a Steve Jobs-style polo shirt and jeans to present the bank’s new strategy — said Sberbank could be twice as profitable if broader economic reforms were implemented. “If structural reforms happen and economic growth is higher, then we could achieve even more significant results,” he said. “Imagine if economic growth was 4 per cent instead of 2. Our retail would go up 22 per cent and our corporate bloc would grow 12-13 per cent. We’d be talking about different numbers.”
Mr Gref said he is now more hopeful that Mr Putin will implement a broader reform program after his expected re-election next spring. Mr Putin will consider plans, including proposals by former finance minister Alexei Kudrin to massively downsize the state’s role in the economy. Mr Kudrin’s plan is “the most qualified and the best developed,” Mr Gref said. “He’s done so much work and it’d be completely illogical not to use that document.”
But he said that Russia had already significantly caught up with its peers thanks to a new plan by Mr Putin to digitalise the economy. “If I used to think that we really seriously needed a shift like that and we had fallen by the wayside of the progress we were seeing, now a lot of Russian companies are beginning to move in that direction,” he said.
Mr Gref spoke out in favour of the oligarch Suleiman Kerimov, who is facing charges of tax evasion and money laundering in France. While he was one of several prominent Russians to write a letter to French president Emmanuel Macron on Mr Kerimov’s behalf, Mr Gref’s name stood out because he had stopped a scheme set up by Sberbank’s previous management whereby the oligarch was given billions of dollars in loans to buy Sberbank’s shares.
Though he said the scheme was “not right,” Mr Gref said Mr Kerimov remains one of Sberbank’s largest clients and deserved special treatment from French authorities due to his health problems and philanthropic work. “I have a lot of respect for him as a man who isn’t just a successful businessman, but spends a very large part of his fortune on various social charity projects,” he said.