Max cc per injection?
The limit of injecting substances is only limited by the care, intelligence, and caution of the individual. This is the one area where an apparently simple procedure if not dome properly can result in serious consequences. These include death!!! Septicemia is a very common health problem of intravenous drug users. It is not so much the intravenous injection as it is the use of a standardized routine sterile technique.
The question you should be asking is not what the max cc per injection is but rather what method of delivery for a substance will be the most effective. A simple mnemonic to remember for drug pharmacology is MADE. It stands for: M Metabolism; A Absorption; D Distribution; E Excretion. The action of any drug must take into account all of these factors and not just one. I know that you would not wish to just max out on an injection to later find out that the result was a marked decrease in effectiveness. Variables that are considered are typically vehicle, volume, substance, site, and many more.
I am not attempting to confuse or obfuscate. Following are some excellent studies that study these issues.
NANDROLONE DOSE, DURATION,& SITE
They studied healthy men who underwent blood sampling for plasma nandrolone, testosterone and inhibin measurements before and for 32 days after a single i.m. injection of 100 mg of nandrolone ester in arachis oil.
Men were randomized into groups receiving nandrolone phenylpropionate or nandrolone decanoate; in volumes of 1 or 4 ml; and injection sites being deltoid or gluteal.
Plasma nandrolone concentrations were influenced by different esters and injection sites, with higher and earlier peaks with the phenylpropionate ester, compared with the decanoate ester. After nandrolone decanoate injection, the highest bioavailability and peak nandrolone levels were observed with the 1-ml gluteal injection.
The bioavailability and physiological effects of a nandrolone ester in an oil vehicle are greatest when the ester is injected in a small (1 ml vs. 4 ml) volume and into the gluteal vs. deltoid muscle.
Variations in side-chain ester chemistry are important in the pharmacokinetics of androgen esters in oil vehicle. Experimental studies suggest that absorption rates are predicted by the oil/water partition coefficients (or hydrophobicity) and that the oil vehicle is absorbed more slowly than the androgen ester.
In humans, the very short propionate (three-carbon aliphatic) ester of testosterone has distinctly shorter duration of action than esters with longer (seven- or eight-carbon) side-chains. More subtle changes in side-chain ester structure have proven ineffective in altering human clinical pharmacokinetics, because substitution of a linear aliphatic side-chain of seven carbons (enanthate) with either a saturated, cyclized, seven-carbon aliphatic chain (cyclohexanecarboxylate) or a linear, aliphatic, eight-carbon chain (cypionate) resulted in virtually unchanged kinetics. Wider variation in ester side-chain chemistry to include greater chain length and/or aromatic ring structures is a more effective determinant of ester pharmacokinetics, because nandrolone hexoxyphenylpropionate ester (aromatic ring with 18 carbons) had far better depot properties, with a prolonged and retarded release profile, compared with the decanoate (aliphatic chain with 10 carbons). The present study indicates that a side-chain ester consisting of a 10-carbon aliphatic chain has better depot properties than a nine-carbon chain including an aromatic ring.
Injection technique, including injection site, volume and concentration, as well as the nature of the vehicle, could theoretically be important for androgen ester release rate. Injection site may be important because of differences in tissue composition and blood flow (i.m. oil-based injections may more accurately be termed intermuscular or intralipomatous).
The former reflects the tendency of oil vehicle to distribute along intermuscular fascial planes, whereas the latter depends upon the amount of fat at the injection site (including systematic gender differences) together with needle geometry and anatomy of the injection depot. Intralipomatous deposition of injections with a larger vehicle volume may explain the slower release kinetics of nandrolone decanoate in the gluteal region, as well as the differences from the deltoid site, which has a lower fat content. The higher blood flow in the deltoid, compared with the gluteal, muscle may also be important. Analogous site-dependent differences in absorption rate and physiological effects have been described for a variety of drugs in aqueous solution.
In another study the pharmacokinetics of nandrolone in serum and urine were investigated in healthy young men after a single im injection of 50 mg, 100 mg, or 150 mg nandrolone decanoate. Blood samples were collected before treatment and for up to 32 d after dosing.
The peak serum concentration was reached after 30 h (50 and 100 mg) and 72 h (150 mg), whereas the terminal half-life was 712 d. In the 50-mg group, 19-NA and/or 19-NE could be detected at least until 33 d after injection in 16 of 17 subjects (94%). In the 150-mg group, who were presumed to have not previously used nandrolone, nandrolone metabolites could be detected for up to 6 months in eight of 12 subjects (67%) for 19-NE and in 10 of 12 subjects (83%) for 19-NA.
It was also demonstrated for the first time that the nandrolone metabolites 19-NA and 19-NE are detectable in urine samples for at least 6 months after a single im injection of 150 mg nandrolone decanoate, which is still above the threshold of 2 ng/ml in one third of subjects. Nandrolone displays so-called flip-flop pharmacokinetics. This means that the ascending phase of the curve represents the disposition of nandrolone, and the descending part of the curve represents the rate-limiting process of release of nandrolone decanoate from the muscle into the general circulation.
The pharmacokinetics of nandrolone decanoate in men have been studied in three previous trials. In one study, the pharmacokinetics of nandrolone decanoate after single im injection were studied in male volunteers. After a dose of 200 mg in men, a tmax of 9 h and a Cmax of 3.7 ng/ml were found, whereas the t1/2 was 5.9 d.
In another study, after a single im injection of 50 mg nandrolone decanoate in six healthy men, serum nandrolone levels increased rapidly to a peak of 1.3 ng/ml at 24 h after injection, whereas serum nandrolone levels remained elevated for 1520 d. The t1/2 of nandrolone in serum was approximately 8 d.
In the third study, 23 healthy men were randomized into four groups receiving a single dose of 100 mg nandrolone esters: nandrolone phenylpropionate in 4 ml arachis oil injected into the gluteal muscle (group 1), nandrolone decanoate in 4 ml arachis oil injected into the gluteal muscle (group 2), nandrolone decanoate in 1 ml arachis oil injected into the gluteal muscle (group 3), or nandrolone decanoate in 1 ml arachis oil injected into the deltoid muscle (group 4). Absolute bioavailability was higher after single-dose injection of 100 mg nandrolone decanoate in 1 ml arachis oil into the gluteal muscle (73%) than in the other three groups (5356%). In this former group, the Cmax of nandrolone was 4.4 ng/ml, the tmax was 1.6 d, and the t1/2 was 7.7 d (20).
It was concluded that after a single im dose of nandrolone decanoate, serum levels of nandrolone increase in a linear fashion across a dose range of 50150 mg (the dose range that is also used to treat HIV wasting). In addition, in the 50-mg group, urinary metabolites 19-NA and/or 19-NE were detectable in 16 of 17 subjects for at least 33 d after injection. In the 150-mg group, in subjects presumed to have not previously used nandrolone, nandrolone metabolites were detectable for up to 6 months after injection in a significant proportion of subjects.
Be Safe.
Peace.
Mike
. Don't think I'd use the 1.5" spike, though
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