Notes for each study in the order they appear above.
1) Two weeks supplementation of 600mg garlic powder was able to reduce oxidation of LDL cholesterol, but it appears to be too short a duration of supplementation to affect the lipid panels in these otherwise healthy adults.
2) A meta-analysis on the influence of garlic supplementation on serum lipids has noted an 8% reduction in total cholesterol, which was said to result in a 38% reduced risk for coronary events (at age 50), there was a lesser increase in HDL-C (1.49mg/dL increase with a 95% CI of 0.19-2.79) and the reduction in LDL reached 6.41mg/dL (95% CI of a 1.05-11.77mg/dL reduction) both of which were significant but this meta-analysis failed to find a significant reduction in triglycerides although it trended towards such (5.45mg/dL reduction ranging from a 14.18 reduction to a 3.27mg/dL increase as the 95% CI)
3) 7.2g of aged garlic daily for six months in hypercholesterolemic men noted a 7% reduction in total cholesterol and 4.6% reduction in LDL-C alongside a 5.5% reduction in blood pressure.
4) 250mg Allicor (garlic powder) twice daily for one year in persons with coronary artery disease was able to significantly reduce total and LDL cholesterol relative to placebo, although the changes in HDL-C and triglycerides were rendered statistically insignificant due to beneficial changes seen in placebo.
The authors concluded a significant reduction in cardiovascular disease risk associated with garlic supplementation relative to placebo.
5) In a pilot study on persons at high risk for cardiovascular death and already on statin and aspirin therapy, further administration of 1,200mg aged garlic extract (relative to a placebo add-on) for one year reduced the progression in coronary calcium from 22% down to 7.5%. Most other parameters including RBC glutathione concentrations, were unaffected.
6) Supplementation of 600mg garlic (Allicor) in two divided doses of 300mg daily for 12 weeks in persons with high cholesterol is able to beneficially influence cholesterol and blood pressure without affecting markers of toxicology (immune and red blood cells, liver enzymes) and without any apparent effect on triglycerides.
7) In older adults who reported consumption of garlic supplements (300-900mg range, average of 460mg) over the previous two years, it was noted that garlic supplement ingestion.
PWV, a measure of aortic stiffness, was lower with garlic and the difference between groups was more notable with older participants; similar trends were noted with EVR (elastic vascular resistance) a measure of blood flow.
8) In persons with high cholesterol, 900mg garlic for 12 weeks lowered cholesterol (11.5%), LDL-C (14.2%) with a trend to reduce HDL-C; despite the subjects being normotensive, there was a small reduction in blood pressure seen with garlic (2.4-4.2%).
9) Supplementation of 1,200mg aged garlic extract daily for 12 weeks in obese persons with metabolic syndrome was able to cause a trend (nonsignificant) to reduce weight and was able to significantly increase adiponectin concentrations relative to placebo; all other glucose, cardiovascular, and inflammatory biomarkers measured were unaffected.
10) 8 weeks supplementation with garlic pearls (250mg containing 2.5% garlic oil) in persons with essential hypertension or normal controls (no placebo group) noted a reduction in blood pressure in hypertensives only. The hypertensives were also hypercholesterolemic, but all changes in cholesterol and triglycerides were nonsignificant.
Superoxide and lipid peroxidation in serum were reduced in hypertensives only, and DNA damage was significantly reduced in hypertensives and only trended to be reduced in controls.
11) When giving otherwise healthy adults garlic juice (5mL daily for 13 weeks), platelets appeared to have a reduced rate of aggregation in response to ADP (no influence on maximal aggregation level) with a nonsignificant trend to reduce Thromboxane B2. There was actually a trend to reduce triglycerides in these otherwise healthy adults (13%), but that and all other cardiovascular parameters were not significantly influenced except for a reduction in the liver enzyme ALT (20%)
12) In persons with high cholesterol over six weeks, total and LDL cholesterol were found to be reduced with twice daily supplementation of 400mg garlic (1mg allicin) by 12.1% and 17.3% respectively. The 6.3% reduction in triglycerides noted reached significance and HDL increased by 15.7%.
13) Serum lipid peroxidation was reduced by 45% in elderly subjects given garlic supplementation at 100mg/kg bodyweight (raw garlic), which was associated with an increase in the red blood cell activity of glutathione peroxidase (12%) and superoxide dismutase (24%).