2,4-DiNitroPhenol [DNP]

Heretic

New Member
Credit to the gods that wrote this... :)

HOW TO NOT FUCK UP DNP:

Since some guys have been playing around and disrespecting DNP and then griping to the forums about the painful results, we need to make this VERY specific and VERY correct so that people won't keep jumping for DNP out of curiosity, or without the willpower they need to operate this respondibly. So here are my experienced guidelines to using it the RIGHT way.

FIRST GUIDLINE: Dosing. Use ONLY 200mg a day for the first four days. I don't care that you don't "feel" anything yet and you wanna bump it up. DNP accumulates in the body, and not "feeling" something means NOTHING. It's there, and it's working (the effect on metabolism begins within two hours of the first dose!). Four days will let you test your tolerance: do you have an allergy? Does it give you a rash? etc.
Only after those four days do you bump it up, by 200mg a day. The average dose is 400-600/day, and more than that gets a little severe. A full gram is the highest dose I've heard anyone use. I've used that much, and it's hell. I like to stay around 600 a day, which is HOT but safe and effective. Take caps even hours apart through the day, ending about 4-5 PM.

SECOND GUIDLINE...How to eat on DNP. This is purely personal experience, because some guys like to carb-deplete *before* using DNP (then eat carbs as usual while on), and other guys like a low-carb approach throughout. Both are fine. Using DNP is the only time that fructose is a desireable cutting carb, because it keeps the liver replentished. That reduces lethargy and spares muscle.
Be aware that eating high-carb foods WILL increase the heat sensation within an hour, and last about 2 hours. That means don't eat carbs before bed unless you want those night sweats to be even WORSE.
Personally, I ate whatever the hell I wanted! IHOP, chinese, fajitas...Yes, I burned hot, but I still lost 1.5 pounds every 2 days. Keep protein HIGH for muscles' sake, and try it yourself.

Foods I suggest including:
Blueberry yogurt. Blueberries are excellent antioxidants, and yogurt cultures help with digestive function, gas, and stool consistency (disgustingly soft stools are common during DNP).
Oregano-based foods. Oregano is perhaps one of the most potent antioxidants around,a nd one spoonful counts as a vegetable serving. See this article
Pineapple - I've found that pineapple helps alleviate those "DNP Blues". The fructose helps, and pineapple enzymes aid in protein digestion.
V8 - one 12-ounce can supplies six servings of veggies, concentrated as an excellent source of antioxidants, lycopene, and recovery of electrolytes.
Oatmeal - high-fiber foods are necessary. You'll find out why around, oh, day 5 or so. Trust me.


THIRD GUIDELINE...Supplements and DNP. I suggest:
ECA - DNP is not a stimulant. To keep energy high and aid in fat loss, use an ECA. Some advisors suggest that regular ephedrine is preferable to norephedrine because of the more direct "hit" of energy.
Prohormones - perfectly fine on DNP. I used 1-AD just to help keep strength and muscle up, and it worked fine. No problems here. You won't GROW muscle on DNP, but it'll help with strength and protection.
Obvious stuff - multivitamin, ZMA, etc.
Biotest PowerDrive - No, I'm not pimping Biotest. But PowerDrive is an excellent pre-workout mixture that actually works. Plus it's low-carb (only 15 calories total), so it won't cause carb-heat in the middle of your workout.

Antioxidants - I'm giving my own personal list, and why I use them:
Alpha Lipoic Acid - aids in fat management and blood sugar, and an excellent antioxidant.
Grape seed extract
Syntrax Radox
Green Tea
Inositol - mood enhancement, antioxidant, and muscle support. 1 gram/3x day
Ellagic acid - protects cell DNA/RNA from damage by free radicals, and may even atack cancerous cells. 400mg/twice a day
Fruit antioxidants - beyond-a-century's powder of high-potency natural fruit anti's. 1 gram, 2-3x day.
Trimethylglyceine - antioxidant, helps move fat and blood lipids into the liver and out of the body. 500mg, 2x day.
Vitamins E and C

Supplements NOT to use:
Any medications that suppress energy. No allergy meds, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, or beta blockers. DNP will have you low as it is; don't worsen your body's energy by taking something that suppresses you further.

DRUGS - Sheesh, you'd think I wouldn't have to mention this, but two idiots in particular (right here on this forum) recently affirmed that some people still just don't get it. NO alcohol (not even "moderate"), NO ecstasy, NO GHB, etc. If you don't have the willpower to forego these habits, DNP is not for you.

Syntrax Swole - a personal discovery. I tried Swole while on DNP...once. Two hours of hell, feeling inside-out.

FOURTH GUIDELINE...working out on DNP. Keep lifting short, 30-40 minutes. DNP works very well, causing your body to use 150% or more the calories per action you'd normally use. That means DON'T try to repeat your usual workouts. Drop to moderate weights, 8-12 reps, not to failure, and with plenty of walking rest between sets. You are NOT going to grow muscle on DNP, so don't use your usual heavy routine. Since DNP can cause light-headedness and heat dizzyness, you have my permission to skip squats in favor of leg presses this time.

Cardio is a controversial one. My advice - do NOT do cardio on high doses of DNP (600mg or more). It's dangerous and counterproductive. Below that amount, some cardio is fine, but keep it to 20 minutes and not at full-gallop. Remember, DNP will drain water from your quickly, causing you to leech out minerals, vitamins, and salts. Don't overdo it.

During exercise, consume at least 1 liter of water per 30 minutes of work, whether you're thirsty or not. DNP is evil in the way it blunts thirst, while at the same time doing the cruel trick of bloating your body with water WHILE dehydrating you from water in your organs. MAKE yourself drink. Always folllow DNP exercise with antioxidants, carbs, and this is a good time to use your multivitamin.

Don't feel embarrassed about poor workouts. Just this morjning I did a workout with a whopping nine sets (wimp!) before calling it quits. Listen to your body, and let it tell you when enough's enough; don't guage workouts by what you *usually* can do otherwise.

Here's my research. This is AMAZING! Not only has not a single test found it to be carcinogenic, but test after tyest after test find that DNP actually ATTACKS cancer cells, and helps anti-cancer medications work better, and helps anti-leukemia medications work without destroying cell DNA, and suppresses tumor growth by 20-50%. The summaries are all right here, friends. Karma me up!

DNP is Ames negative, and does not promote tumors. See for yourself at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/

2,4-Dinitrophenol | Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site | US EPA reports on health risks. While there have not been human studies, animal studies found no cancers caused by DNP administration. It is considered a toxin because it causes nausea, sweating, and weight loss.

Cyberiron.com reports on halth risks from external exposue. In other words, don?t get it in your eyes, or on your skin if you?re allergic. Pretty elementary stuff.

http://www.ebec2000.com/abstracts/056.htm This animal study documents a 64% increase in metabolism. "These findings confirm that DNP effectively increases metabolic rate..." Duh.

Biosource A PDF file about an antidote to DNP.

http://www.boehringer-ingelheim.es/...glesa/cap13.htm finds that DNP did not activate liver enzymes (MAT) associated with liver damage

"Comparative study of toxicity of 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol in newborn and young rats." Koizumi M, Yamamoto Y, Ito Y, Takano M, Enami T, Kamata E, Hasegawa R. Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan. This study found that DNP can induce death in overdosed amounts, but that up to that point no toxicity was evident, nor were there any abnormalities in physical development.

"Phenol toxicity and conjugation in human colonic epithelial cells." Pedersen G, Brynskov J, Saermark T. Dept of Medical Gastroenterology, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.. This study found that DNP has a toxic effect on cells of the colon, with "toxic" defined in two ways: first, it interfered with metabolism (this we know?it?s the intended effect of DNP users!) and second, it interfered with bowel inflammation (not a health risk. This is caused by osmotic effect, with the worst results being softened stools and gas).

"Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to macrolide antibiotics." Nakajima Y. Division of Microbiology, Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan. This study found that antibiotic-resistant bacteria could be thwarted with DNP. "the extent of the accumulated drug in a resistant cell increases as much as that in a susceptible cell in the presence of an uncoupling agent such as?2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)."

"Absence of Crabtree effect in human melanoma cells adapted to growth at low pH: reversal by respiratory inhibitors." Burd R, Wachsberger PR, Biaglow JE, Wahl ML, Lee I, Leeper DB. Departments of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. Check this out?DNP actually helps make melanoma tumors easier to attack by increasing ratio of oxygen consumption to lactic acid production, while glycolysis remains the same. "Therefore, tumor acute acidification and oxygenation can be achieved by exposure?"


"New insights in the cellular processing of platinum antitumor compounds, using fluorophore-labeled platinum complexes and digital fluorescence microscopy."
Molenaar C, Teuben JM, Heetebrij RJ, Tanke HJ, Reedijk J. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands. DNP is used as a control in tests of antitumor cells because it does NOT bind to cell DNA, nor promote tumors, yet its staining abilities enable tracking of the uptake of antitumor drugs.

Specific inhibition of breast cancer cells by antisense poly-DNP-oligoribonucleotides and targeted apoptosis." Ru K, Taub ML, Wang JH. Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260-3000, USA Are you ready for this? DNP actually INHIBITS (!!!) breast cancers! Yes, not only does it NOT promote cancers, it?s being recognized as a cancer-fighter/blocker. "Two membrane-permeable and RNase-resistant antisense poly-2'-O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-oligoribonucleotides (poly-DNP-RNAs) have been synthesized as inhibitors of human breast cancer?fluorescence assay indicates that the targeted antisense inhibition by poly-DNP-RNAs leads to apoptosis of SK-Br-3 cells but does not affect nontumorigenic MCF-10A cells. The control poly-DNP-RNAs with random or sense nucleotide sequence are completely inactive." Plain English? DNP can be synthesized as an anti-cancer compound, because tests show that it blocks mutagens but does NOT affect non-mutagenic (healthy) cells, and has no RNA effects on them.

"Heat shock protein induction by certain chemical stressors is correlated with their cytotoxicity, lipophilicity and protein-denaturing capacity." Neuhaus-Steinmetz U, Rensing L. Institute of Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, NW II University of Bremen, Germany. The thermic effect of DNP induces protein synthesis (heat shock protein, or HSP, synthesis). In fact, it?s quite GOOD at it: "ASA, DNP and CCCP induced HSP at lower concentrations than substances with a similar lipophilicity?"

"Comparative effects of the metabolic inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol and iodoacetate on mouse neuroblastoma cells in vitro." Andres MI, Repetto G, Sanz P, Repetto M.
National Institute of Toxicology, Seville, Spain. In this study, DNP?s observed effect was an increase in metabolism (duh!), while the other toxins compared to it had harmful in vitro effects but no increase in metabolism.

"Inhibition of uncoupled respiration in tumor cells. A possible role of mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux." Gabai VL.Medical Radiology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk. DNP not only does not cause tumors, but it inhibited their respiration by 20-25% compared to controls.

"Amsacrine-induced lesions in DNA and their modulation by novobiocin and 2,4-dinitrophenol." Shibuya ML, Buddenbaum WE, Don AL, Utsumi H, Suciu D, Kosaka T, Elkind MM. Department of Radiology and Radiation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523. In this study, researchers found that DNP abrogates?or disrupts?cytotoxicity in hamsters (using cancerous cells). They expected to find that DNP would interfere with anticancer treatments, but instead found that DNP increased their effects. They state, though, that they cannot claim a proven effect of DNP on anticancer treatments yet, although they do agree that treatment with DNP actually enhanced the effects of the DNA regenerative therapy of anticancer chemotherapy.

"Induction of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells by etoposide, camptothecin, and other cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a cautionary note." Kaufmann SH. Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. The authors warn that certain anti-leukemia drugs resulted in "extensive DNA degradation." BUT (good ol? DNP to the rescue!), "Preincubation with dinitrophenol abolished the effect?"

"[Dependence of the nature of the action of metabolic inhibitors on ribosomal RNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells on cell integrity]" [Article in Russian] Akhlynina TV, Buzhurina IM, Panov MA, Rozovskaia IA, Chernaia NG. DNP actually inhibits the synthesis of RNA in carcinoma cells. In other words, it helps cancerous cells commit suicide by neutering themselves. "Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis in the intact Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cells is selectively inhibited by papaverin (ED50 = 0.01 mM), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DPN; ED50 = 5 microM), and actinomycin D (ED50 = 0.1 microgram/ml)."

"Autocatabolism of surface macromolecules shed by human melanoma cells." Bystryn JC, Perlstein J. Cancer Res 1982 Jun;42(6):2232-7. This study finds that DNP helps melanoma cells die (autocatabolize) while other cells are unaffected.

http://www.geocities.com/byggdegstor/dnpforside - tons of research, including medical studies. Excerpts:

DNP does not cause liver damage: "Their analyses demonstrate, beyond a doubt, that the liver does not suffer any damage in the course of dinitro treatment." (Biological Study of Dinitro Drugs in Humans By Dr. Jacques Bell. Bell, Jacques. 1939. Etude biologique des produits dinitres chez l'homme. Medecine. 19:749-54. Translation ? 1996 Robert Ames)

Also: "Experimental studies on animals do not show toxic effects of dinitrophenol on the kidney. Anatomical-pathological examinations of animals, even those which died from a massive dose of dinitrophenol, do not reveal any important anatomical changes, except a small degree of cytolysis. Clinical documents are not abundant, but, on the whole, do not seem to demonstrate that dinitrophenol is toxic for the kidneys."

"Dinitrophenol has almost no action on the blood cholesterol. (Grant and Schube)."

"it doesn't seem that dinitrophenol at usual clinical doses is likely to harm the kidneys."

"Dinitrophenol is remarkable for its absence of effect on the cardio-vascular system...dinitrophenol is absolutely devoid of toxicity for the heart."

"Dinitrophenol does not attack cell tissue albumin and does not determine the fat loss to the expense of the muscles, contrary to thyroxine."

"dinitrophenol offers this precious advantage that the cessation of its use at the slightest appearance of signs indicating an imminence of intoxication results immediately in the arrest of those symptoms." (Professor Pouchet)."


Interestingly, one medical theory on a health ADVANTAGE of DNP is that the slight increase in thermogenic temperature simulates the fever a body induces during a viral attack. The body increases itsheat to protect organs but kill viruses, and some theorize that DNP can do the same thing, thus killing viruses in the body. In this mechanism, DNP may have an immune-enhancing effect.
 
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I was was researching "UnCouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation" and it landed me here. I was lurking and read some interesting thoughts and information.
Let me get to the purpose of my post. I was looking at orally active, broad spectrum anthelmintics widely used in human and veterinary medicine shown to support Uncoupling of Oxidative Phosphorylation.

I am very interest in this because I am trying to resolve a Type2 Diabetes, metabolic Syndrome issue, however the most effective meds in this category have been discontinued from the market place no longer being produce by pharma.

Side Note, there where claims this group was were effective for COVID19.

That's just some background of what got me here. While researching I saw this quote "We have examined the effects of these anthelmintics on the electrical resistance of planar bimolecular lipid membranes and compared the results with those obtained with a known uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). All drugs tested markedly reduced membrane resistance at concentrations lower than 0.1 μm and were better proton conductors than 2,4-DNP by at least an order of magnitude". I had never heard of DNP.

Started a google quest and it brought me to the body building forums. It seems the anthelmintics where said to have been safe in the limited studies for uncoupling effect, DNP is alleged not so much, however, despite DNP no longer approved for acceptable use as a fat reducing agent or for human consumption seems more easily sourced than the now discontinued anthelmintic drugs.

I am considering DNP and have done a lots of research into this interesting substance. I have questions, using low dose protocol of DNP, anyone know if using a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor has any contraindications. I know there are no studies, so this would be clinical use information or experienced user. I am trying to reverse Type2 Diabetes and Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis liver.

I have followed strict protocols using diet and herbal medicines, however its a stubborn booger I don't take this lightly and always consider risk with any chemical agent I use to cause an effect, positive or negative. If you have relevant information please help me out with this.
DNP is fairly well tolerated but the dose needed for fat burning (our intended use) is uncomfortably close to a lethal dose (im not exactly sure what that dose is but i do know you have to be careful who caps your dnp because you mess up one time it will literally cook you.)

Also the absolute highest ive heard anyone use is 1200mgs a day for just a day or two of pure hell. I ran 200mgs only for 12 days i wouldnt try higher. Patience is a virtue. Im guessing over 1200mgs in a 24 hour period could be too much i am not a dnp expert.

Usnic acid used to be available i have no.idea how it compares to dnp but its another similar product that may be of interest to you.
 
the dose needed for fat burning (our intended use) is uncomfortably close to a lethal dose

That is not accurate.

you have to be careful who caps your dnp because you mess up one time it will literally cook you

That would be pretty unlikely. You'd have to either be taking big capsules of pure undiluted DNP or taking a lot of capsules that you thought were marked at a much lower dose than you were actually taking.

Also the absolute highest ive heard anyone use is 1200mgs a day for just a day or two of pure hell.

Now that is definitely within the lethal range. However, some people can tolerate that much just fine... Although it is very rare. Most of the case reports of death by DNP are around this territory. But, even then, you have case reports of anorexic females taking 800mg a day for months upon months before hospitalization occurred and recovery happened.
 
I'm pretty sure the reason people over dose is because they don't feel it and they take more and more without realizing it takes around 5 days for the dose to peak. Also they may forget that they took a dose and take another thereby doubling their intake. However dnp can cause cataracts and apparently people say it's because the higher temperature cooks the protein in your eyes.
 
I'm pretty sure the reason people over dose is because they don't feel it and they take more and more without realizing it takes around 5 days for the dose to peak

DNP actually enters the system pretty rapidly and begins to break down into it's metabolites, they reach peak plasma levels in about 90min. So, you actually should be "feeling it" pretty soon after you dose it. What most people refer to as the peak building up is moreso just the slow rate at which it's leaving the body ie long half life.


However dnp can cause cataracts and apparently people say it's because the higher temperature cooks the protein in your eyes.

Lol, no. There are a lot of theories as to what causes cataracts, one of which is related to what I mentioned above... The slow rate at which is leaves the body. One part of the body it tends to hang around in if the ocular compartments.

Although, cataracts are formed by oxidative damage to the lens and DNP suppresses free radical generation caused by oxidative phosphorylation so it kind of contrasts with the idea that it would cause oxidative damage to the lens. It seems generally accepted that it has a lot to do with genetic predisposition, but it's not been determined exactly speeds it up.

See:

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Dinitrophenols. US Department of Health and Human Services, 1999
 
DNP is fairly well tolerated but the dose needed for fat burning (our intended use) is uncomfortably close to a lethal dose (im not exactly sure what that dose is but i do know you have to be careful who caps your dnp because you mess up one time it will literally cook you.)

Also the absolute highest ive heard anyone use is 1200mgs a day for just a day or two of pure hell. I ran 200mgs only for 12 days i wouldnt try higher. Patience is a virtue. Im guessing over 1200mgs in a 24 hour period could be too much i am not a dnp expert.

Usnic acid used to be available i have no.idea how it compares to dnp but its another similar product that may be of interest to you.
Was thinking more of a low dose, for an extended amount of time, using 100mg, like every other day. Like maybe 30 days.
 
If memory serves, that shit cooked a couple livers. I took it for awhile, I don’t recall it being very effective.
Was not able to find anything conclusive on "cooked a couple livers" that does not mean it did not happen though. This is not a prescribed solution so there is always the unfortunate unknows. Even when using prescribed substance, we are using a standards of risk model still lacking an individual risk guaranty, however it would be pointless to run the cycle if not effective. Thank you for your observation.
 
Was not able to find anything conclusive on "cooked a couple livers" that does not mean it did not happen though. This is not a prescribed solution so there is always the unfortunate unknows. Even when using prescribed substance, we are using a standards of risk model still lacking an individual risk guaranty, however it would be pointless to run the cycle if not effective. Thank you for your observation.

you didn’t look very hard, Occam’s razor states it was the UA, in the absence of any other explanation.
 
Thanks for following your point up. I misunderstood or misspoke, and was still thinking DNP, though you were referencing UA, lol, did not look at all.
Simple misunderstanding, sir. On the same page now, UA apparently has cooked some livers, pretty sure that’s why it was pulled. I actually took that supplement, younger, much stupider days.
 
Can anyone please pm me a reliable domestic EU source ? i ordered once from rongxinbio shit Was legit but risky shipping from China and took 5 weeks.

Thanks!!!
D used to have excellent DNP but too bad he’s no longer around. He carried 125mg caps at times which I loved because I would start at 125 for 4 days and then go to 250 for another 10. I may have went to 375 but my body couldn’t take it. Just felt like total crap. The fat burning was better than any product I’ve ever used outside of pharmacy gh and that took about 4 months. You can get serious fat burning off of 200mg per day. Has anyone here used 200mg eod with success as I think that might be my next protocol. 200mg per day builds up in the system and before you k is it you feel the sides in a big way. Woukd love to find someone who has 125mg caps.
 
Was not able to find anything conclusive on "cooked a couple livers" that does not mean it did not happen though. This is not a prescribed solution so there is always the unfortunate unknows. Even when using prescribed substance, we are using a standards of risk model still lacking an individual risk guaranty, however it would be pointless to run the cycle if not effective. Thank you for your observation.
I'm, in no way, well versed on the topic, but reading forums (and a quick google), it is literally poison....and explosive in dry form. Wow. The chemistry is above my level.

Go careful.

Good luck.
 
I'm, in no way, well versed on the topic, but reading forums (and a quick google), it is literally poison....and explosive in dry form. Wow. The chemistry is above my level.

Go careful.

Good luck.
That's because that's the consensus among the general population with minimal knowledge on the subject and going by what the establishment wants them to think with their demonization of it. Just like steroids, hence why you will find more on Google that will scare you off of both. If you find some of the forums with people with lots of real-life experience with it you will find that it can be quite safe. But just like a million other substances out there, it can be extremely dangerous, if not fatal, in the hands of the careless. Which, unfortunately, much of the population out there who would consider such a product, are. Same with any drug. And there are always the rare cases of someone who just can't tolerate it, but that's also the same with every drug whether legal or not.
 
That's because that's the consensus among the general population with minimal knowledge on the subject and going by what the establishment wants them to think with their demonization of it. Just like steroids, hence why you will find more on Google that will scare you off of both. If you find some of the forums with people with lots of real-life experience with it you will find that it can be quite safe. But just like a million other substances out there, it can be extremely dangerous, if not fatal, in the hands of the careless. Which, unfortunately, much of the population out there who would consider such a product, are. Same with any drug. And there are always the rare cases of someone who just can't tolerate it, but that's also the same with every drug whether legal or not.
It's kind of on the fringe, and i just had a run in with cheque drops so 'the sky is falling' was my knee jerk reaction.

Lots of good info here
 
D used to have excellent DNP but too bad he’s no longer around. He carried 125mg caps at times which I loved because I would start at 125 for 4 days and then go to 250 for another 10. I may have went to 375 but my body couldn’t take it. Just felt like total crap. The fat burning was better than any product I’ve ever used outside of pharmacy gh and that took about 4 months. You can get serious fat burning off of 200mg per day. Has anyone here used 200mg eod with success as I think that might be my next protocol. 200mg per day builds up in the system and before you k is it you feel the sides in a big way. Woukd love to find someone who has 125mg caps.
200 ED is great if you dont like 375 add ECA and have pineapple on hand. I recall eating it would make me feel better when i was tossing and turning all night.
 
Dinitrophenol overdose - Everything old is new again.

Highlights

A complete case example of a fatal 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) overdose is presented.

Post-mortem computed tomography showed evidence of accelerated decompositional intravascular gas in multiple regions.

Toxicological analysis showed an elevated ante-mortem blood DNP concentration of 110 mg/L.

A large reduction in DNP concentration was identified in post-mortem specimens.

DNP showed a higher distribution in liquid (blood, vitreous, bile) rather than solid matrices (liver, kidney, muscle).

A complete case example of a fatal 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) overdose involving a 23-year-old male is described. Included are details of not only the patient's presentation symptoms and treatment, but also the subsequent findings of the coronial investigation process including the autopsy, post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) scanning and toxicological analysis and results.

The patient presented with elevated temperature, heart rate and blood pressure. Multiple treatments were conducted to counteract these symptoms, however the patient died approximately 1.5 hours after hospital admission and some 4.5 hours after the DNP was initially consumed.

Autopsy revealed the presence of cardiovascular disease that was contributory to death and post-mortem computed tomography showed evidence of decompositional intravascular gas in the neck, head, face, lower abdomen, heart and hepatic systems.

Toxicological analysis was completed by protein precipitation with methanol and subsequent instrumental analysis by LC/MS/MS in negative ion mode. The antemortem blood specimen showed the presence of tadalafil, two anabolic steroids and a DNP concentration of 110 mg/kg which is consistent with other reported DNP fatalities.

Despite the small amount of time between the antemortem specimen collection and death, the DNP concentration identified in the femoral blood post-mortem specimen was comparably low (5.5 mg/kg). DNP concentrations also reduced during an extended period of specimen storage prior to analysis indicating some instability in biological specimens even when refrigerated or frozen. DNP was found to be distributed primarily in the aqueous tissues (blood, vitreous, bile) rather than solid matrices (liver, kidney, muscle).

Griffiths A, Milne N, Ong B, Watkins T. 2,4-Dinitrophenol overdose - Everything old is new again. J Forensic Leg Med. 2021 Mar 3;79:102148. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102148. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33706128. 2,4-Dinitrophenol overdose - Everything old is new again

 
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