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Can touching a barbell in the gym get you sick with the coronavirus?
- Thread starter Michael Scally MD
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· Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top US infectious-disease expert, told CNN's "The Axe Files" that he and his family had been receiving "serious threats" to their lives.
· "Serious threats against me, against my family ... my daughters, my wife — I mean, really? Is this the United States of America?" Fauci told the host David Axelrod.
· He added that he had been assigned personal security because of the threat.
· Many have hailed Fauci as a hero for his role in tackling the US's coronavirus outbreak, but he's also been attacked by conspiracy theorists and opponents of lockdown measures.
· "There are people who get really angry at thinking I'm interfering with their life because I'm pushing a public-health agenda," he said.
· He added: "I'm not a hero, I'm just doing my job."
[OA] Sex-Related Differences in COVID-19 Lethality
Many countries have been affected by the world-wide outbreak of COVID-19. Among Western countries, Italy has been particularly hit at the beginning of the pandemic, immediately after China. In Italy and elsewhere women seem to be less affected then men by severe/fatal COVID-19 infection, regardless of their age.
Despite the evidence that women and men are affected differently by this infection, very few studies consider different therapeutic approaches for the two sexes. Undoubtedly, understanding the mechanisms at the bases of these differences may help to find appropriate and sex specific therapies.
Here, we consider that other mechanisms are involved to explain this difference, in addition to the protection attributable to oestrogens. Several X-linked genes (such as ACE2) and Y-linked genes (SRY, SOX9) may explain sex differences. Cardiovascular comorbidities are among the major enhancers of virus lethality.
In addition, the number of sex-independent non-genetic factors that can change susceptibility and mortality is enormous, and many other factors are likely to be considered, including gender and cultural habits in different countries.
Penna C, Mercurio V, Tocchetti CG, Pagliaro P. Sex-Related Differences in COVID-19 Lethality [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 22]. Br J Pharmacol. 2020;10.1111/bph.15207. doi:10.1111/bph.15207 BPS Publications
Many countries have been affected by the world-wide outbreak of COVID-19. Among Western countries, Italy has been particularly hit at the beginning of the pandemic, immediately after China. In Italy and elsewhere women seem to be less affected then men by severe/fatal COVID-19 infection, regardless of their age.
Despite the evidence that women and men are affected differently by this infection, very few studies consider different therapeutic approaches for the two sexes. Undoubtedly, understanding the mechanisms at the bases of these differences may help to find appropriate and sex specific therapies.
Here, we consider that other mechanisms are involved to explain this difference, in addition to the protection attributable to oestrogens. Several X-linked genes (such as ACE2) and Y-linked genes (SRY, SOX9) may explain sex differences. Cardiovascular comorbidities are among the major enhancers of virus lethality.
In addition, the number of sex-independent non-genetic factors that can change susceptibility and mortality is enormous, and many other factors are likely to be considered, including gender and cultural habits in different countries.
Penna C, Mercurio V, Tocchetti CG, Pagliaro P. Sex-Related Differences in COVID-19 Lethality [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 22]. Br J Pharmacol. 2020;10.1111/bph.15207. doi:10.1111/bph.15207 BPS Publications
Travelers entering Massachusetts from most other states must quarantine for 14 days or face a $500-a-day fine, under a tough new order that Governor Charlie Baker issued Friday in the hope of keeping at bay the coronavirus pandemic raging through much of the country. Travel Order 7.24.20 Final.docx | Mass.gov
The rules, which take effect Aug. 1, apply to vacationers, students returning to local colleges, and Massachusetts residents returning from out-of-state trips. But travelers from states deemed low-risk — currently most of the Northeast, plus Hawaii — and those who can document a negative COVID-19 test within the previous three days are exempt from the quarantine requirement. COVID-19 Travel Order
The regulations represent a sharp escalation of efforts to maintain the low rates of coronavirus infections and hospitalizations that Massachusetts has achieved. Once one of the hardest-hit states during the pandemic, Massachusetts now reports that only 1.8 percent of coronavirus tests come back positive, according to the most recent seven-day average.
New York (CNN Business)Local television stations owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group are set to air a conspiracy theory over the weekend that suggests Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's top expert on infectious diseases, was responsible for the creation of the coronavirus.
The baseless conspiracy theory is set to air on stations across the country in a segment during the program "America This Week" hosted by Eric Bolling. The show, which is posted online before it is broadcast over the weekend, is distributed to Sinclair Broadcast Group's network of local television stations, one of the largest in the country. A survey by Pew Research Group earlier this year showed that local news was a vital source of information on the coronavirus for many Americans, and more trusted than the media overall.
On May 4, a slick, 26-minute video was released, alleging that the coronavirus was actually a laboratory-manipulated virus deployed to wreak havoc so that a resulting vaccine could be used for profit. None of that was true, and Plandemic’s claims were thoroughly, repeatedly debunked.
Still, it went viral, getting liked on Facebook 2.5 million times. Soon after, another conspiracy theory took hold: Bill Gates's plan was to control vaccination efforts that would include tracking people via implanted microchips activated by 5G cellular towers. Again, obviously not true.
But a Pew Research Center survey of US adults found that 36% thought these conspiracy theories were probably or definitely true. Perhaps some of those people are your family, your friends, your neighbors.
So how do you talk to a person who believes a conspiracy theory? This is something that the members of one of the internet’s most vibrant communities, r/ChangeMyView, deal with on a daily basis. This is the place on Reddit where people go to have their own beliefs challenged, and it is known as a calm, moderate place for debate.
We asked some of its most active users, as well as some conspiracy theory researchers, for their tips.
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[OA] SARS-CoV-2: The Endocrinological Protective Clinical Model Derived from Patients With Prostate Cancer
Dear Editor,
As researchers clinically and scientifically engaged in the management of male hypogonadism, we read with interest a recent article entitled ‘Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (n = 4532)’, published in the Annals of Oncology, that suggests a possible role for androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in male patients with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
In a cross-sectional, population-based study performed on 4532 male patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection from Veneto (Italy), the authors reported an impressively low frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection (4/5273) in patients with prostate cancer on ADT, with no deaths. Also, among all infected patients, those receiving ADT for prostate cancer had around a four-fold lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with those not on ADT, thus suggesting prognostic implications of the androgenic status in these patients.
As an explanatory mechanism, the authors focused on the androgen-modulated expression of the TMPRSS2 protein, which is involved in SARS-CoV-2 cellular infection by promoting the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. In particular, since androgens trigger the expression of TMPRSS2, ADT might interfere with SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells by enhancing its downregulation.1
This study confirms clinically the ‘androgen hypothesis’ that we recently advanced by analyzing the in vitro evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. …
La Vignera S, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Torre F, Aversa A, Calogero AE. SARS-CoV-2: the endocrinological protective clinical model derived from patients with prostate cancer. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020;11:2042018820942385. Published 2020 Jul 11. doi:10.1177/2042018820942385 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2042018820942385
[OA] Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis D
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) appears to have a higher mortality rate in presence of comorbidities and in men. The latter suggests the presence of a possible sex-dependent susceptibility.
An enzymatic system involved in this different predisposition could be represented by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is activated and down-regulated by the spike protein of the virus and allows the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into epithelial cells and myocardium.
Data on the experimental animal have shown that 17ß-estradiol increases the expression and activity of ACE2 in both adipose tissue and kidney. Spontaneously hypertensive male mice have a higher myocardial ACE2 expression than females and its levels decrease after orchiectomy.
In addition to this first aspect, the recent evidence of an increased frequency of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (a clinical element associated with a worse prognosis) calls the attention on the safety of treatment with testosterone, in particular in hypogonadal men with greater genetic predisposition.
Evidence that sex hormones are able to modulate the expression of ACE2 could help in interpreting epidemiological results and in designing more appropriate intervention strategies. Moreover, the vitamin D deficiency in elderly men may be worthy of further study regarding the epidemiological aspects of this different susceptibility and lethality between sexes.
La Vignera S, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Torre F, Aversa A, Calogero AE. Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis D. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(8):2948. Published 2020 Apr 22. doi:10.3390/ijms21082948 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2948/htm
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) appears to have a higher mortality rate in presence of comorbidities and in men. The latter suggests the presence of a possible sex-dependent susceptibility.
An enzymatic system involved in this different predisposition could be represented by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is activated and down-regulated by the spike protein of the virus and allows the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into epithelial cells and myocardium.
Data on the experimental animal have shown that 17ß-estradiol increases the expression and activity of ACE2 in both adipose tissue and kidney. Spontaneously hypertensive male mice have a higher myocardial ACE2 expression than females and its levels decrease after orchiectomy.
In addition to this first aspect, the recent evidence of an increased frequency of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (a clinical element associated with a worse prognosis) calls the attention on the safety of treatment with testosterone, in particular in hypogonadal men with greater genetic predisposition.
Evidence that sex hormones are able to modulate the expression of ACE2 could help in interpreting epidemiological results and in designing more appropriate intervention strategies. Moreover, the vitamin D deficiency in elderly men may be worthy of further study regarding the epidemiological aspects of this different susceptibility and lethality between sexes.
La Vignera S, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Torre F, Aversa A, Calogero AE. Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis D. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(8):2948. Published 2020 Apr 22. doi:10.3390/ijms21082948 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/8/2948/htm
[Video] This “natural vegan bodybuilder” drinks daily semen smoothies and doesn’t remember the last time she was sick. Now she’s using semen to protect her against coronavirus.
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