D-aspartic acid

[jasthace]

Has anybody used this amino acid,?

D-aspartic acid is a physiological amino acid occurring principally in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and testes. D-aspartic acid is formed when the enzyme aspartate racemase converts L-aspartic acid into D-aspartic acid in the testes and other glands within the body. D-aspartic acid plays a vital role in the manufacturing of sperm cells and sex hormone production. D-Aspartic Acid is a very potent sexual performance stimulator, enhancing libido, erection quality, ejaculate, duration of intercourse and perceived orgasm intensity. Human studies have shown a significant increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), a messenger hormone that signals the testes to produce more testosterone. and a correlation to boosting testosterone levels in men when supplementing D-aspartic Acid. D-aspartate acid also induces potent elevation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine & GABA, which are implicated to be responsible for its memory enhancing, anti-depressive & nootropic effects. Additional benefits of D-aspartic acid are its ability to enhance Nitric Oxide production and accompanied (N02,NO3) blood levels.

In one particular study, researchers gave a couple of dozen men aged between 27 and 37 a daily dose of 3.12 grams of D-aspartic acid for twelve days consecutively. Twenty other men were given a placebo. The testosterone level in the subjects that received the supplement had risen by 33% after the twelve days.


Heres some of the reviews apparent uses have posted about there experiances with this product.


Customer Reviews For D-Aspartic Acid (DAA) (100 grams)

 

[jemima.harris]

The one of the most important benefit of D-aspartic acid supplement is that it makes testosterone level increase for people who normally demand it and near probably infertile men will surely gain from this.

 

[pcgizzmo]

DAA causing kidney failure?

So, I read this article and it's the only place I've read it but I am curious if anyone else has read this and your take on it.

http://getds.com/20110428220/Blog/d-aspartic-acid-and-vitamin-d-part-one

http://www.getds.com/20110428221/Blog/d-aspartic-acid-and-vitamin-d-part-two

 

[DragonRider]

Re: DAA causing kidney failure?

I've seen this recommended on a number of boards for libido or erection problems. Those problems are permanent problems and they require permanent solutions.
This article makes it very clear that DAA must be cycled and therefore of no use for any permanent problem.

 

[pcgizzmo]

Re: DAA causing kidney failure?

I've seen this recommended on a number of boards for libido or erection problems. Those problems are permanent problems and they require permanent solutions.
This article makes it very clear that DAA must be cycled and therefore of no use for any permanent problem.

I don't disagree but what about the science behind the article? If it's indeed factual I can see ALOT of issues w/DAA and some potential law suits, it being pulled off the market etc...

To be fair it's been out a short time and there users that have been taking it w/no break and no talk of kidney failure.

I for one love it and have really noticed a difference even after I go off of it. I have low T but when I take it I don't feel like I have low T and I can cycle off of it for a week or two and still fill good but if it's going to cause long term issues w/kidney's then I don't want any part of it going forward.

 

[zkt]

Re: DAA causing kidney failure?

So, I read this article and it's the only place I've read it but I am curious if anyone else has read this and your take on it.

http://getds.com/20110428220/Blog/d-aspartic-acid-and-vitamin-d-part-one

http://www.getds.com/20110428221/Blog/d-aspartic-acid-and-vitamin-d-part-two

Are your kidney function blood tests coming back high or something?

 

[pcgizzmo]

Re: DAA causing kidney failure?

No, but this supplement doesn't have a lot of research behind it and hasn't been out that long. So you read things and don't know what to believe.

 

[Michael Scally MD]

Re: Current HRT trends in hCG

Sorry, what is DAA? And 3 freakin' grams @ 3x/ wk is a lot.

Thanks.

The experiment using human subjects was carried out on two groups of healthy male volunteers aged between 27 and 37 years at the IVF (in vitro fertilization) Unit, Hospital "S. Luca", Vallo della Lucania, Italy. The first group was composed of 23 volunteers who constituted the experimental group; the second group was composed of 20 volunteer who constituted the placebo group. Informed consent was obtained from each participant and the procedure was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Hospital.

Every morning at breakfast for 12 consecutive days subjects in the first group were invited to consume, by mouth a solution of 10 ml of 2.0 M sodium D-aspartate (3.12 g/10 ml) supplemented with vitamin B6, folic acid and vitamin B12 and diluted in half a glass of water or fruit juice. This solution is marketed in Italy under the name DADAVIT®(Pharmaguida s.r.l., Italy) and used as a supplement to increase the quality of human seminal fluid.

Topo E, Soricelli A, D'Aniello A, Ronsini S, D'Aniello G. The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009;7:120. RB&E | Full text | The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in human and rats

BACKGROUND: D-aspartic acid is an amino acid present in neuroendocrine tissues of invertebrates and vertebrates, including rats and humans. Here we investigated the effect of this amino acid on the release of LH and testosterone in the serum of humans and rats. Furthermore, we investigated the role of D-aspartate in the synthesis of LH and testosterone in the pituitary and testes of rats, and the molecular mechanisms by which this amino acid triggers its action.

METHODS: For humans: A group of 23 men were given a daily dose of D-aspartate (DADAVIT) for 12 days, whereas another group of 20 men were given a placebo. For rats: A group of 10 rats drank a solution of either 20 mM D-aspartate or a placebo for 12 days. Then LH and testosterone accumulation was determined in the serum and D-aspartate accumulation in tissues. The effects of D-aspartate on the synthesis of LH and testosterone were gauged on isolated rat pituitary and Leydig cells. Tissues were incubated with D-aspartate, and then the concentration (synthesis) of LH and cGMP in the pituitary and of testosterone and cAMP in the Leydig cells was determined.

RESULTS: In humans and rats, sodium D-aspartate induces an enhancement of LH and testosterone release. In the rat pituitary, sodium D-aspartate increases the release and synthesis of LH through the involvement of cGMP as a second messenger, whereas in rat testis Leydig cells, it increases the synthesis and release of testosterone and cAMP is implicated as second messenger. In the pituitary and in testes D-Asp is synthesized by a D-aspartate racemase which convert L-Asp into D-Asp. The pituitary and testes possesses a high capacity to trapping circulating D-Asp from hexogen or endogen sources.

CONCLUSION: D-aspartic acid is a physiological amino acid occurring principally in the pituitary gland and testes and has a role in the regulation of the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats.

 

[BBC3]

DAA for higher testosterone through LH simulation/stimulation?

This is from AI Sports Nutrition - DAA
D-ASPARTIC ACID

Very rarely does a supplement come to the market that is as efficient as DAA. DAA, an all natural testosterone booster, is capable of raising testosterone levels by 42% in only 12 days. The dose used in human studies, shown to boost testosterone is the dose we have put in our DAA product. So you get exactly what you need!

How does DAA work? It works by increasing the levels of Luteinizing hormone in the body, which has a corresponding effect of increasing testosterone levels.

What else can DAA do? It can boost dopamine, and GABA levels, as well as possessing the ability to enhance nitric oxide production.

All in all, you are getting a very fast and potent increase in testosterone levels, as well as accompanying increases in dopamine and GABA, all while increasing nitric oxide levels. Add these abilities together, and you get a very potent combination capable of causing drastic increase in lean body mass.

Product highlights:

Increased testosterone
Increased libido
Increased strength and vascularity

References: Enza Topo , Andrea Soricelli , Antimo D'Aniello , Salvatore Ronsiniand Gemma D'Aniello The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2009,7:120.

From Another site:
1.D’Aniello A. D-Aspartic acid: an endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role. Brain Res Rev. 2007 Feb;53(2):215-34.
2.Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M, Aguilar E. Role of excitatory amino acid pathways in control of gonadotrophin secretion in adult female rats sterilized by neonatal administration of oestradiol or testosterone. J Reprod Fertil. 1998 May;113(1):53-9.
3.Topo E, Soricelli A, D’Aniello A, Ronsini S, D’Aniello G. The role and molecular mechanism of D-aspartic acid in the release and synthesis of LH and testosterone in humans and rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2009 Oct 27;7:120.
4.D’Aniello A, Di Fiore MM, D’Aniello G, Colin FE, Lewis G, Setchell BP. Secretion of D-aspartic acid by the rat testis and its role in endocrinology of the testis and spermatogenesis. FEBS Lett. 1998 Sep 25;436(1):23-7.
5.D’Aniello A, Di Cosmo A, Di Cristo C, Annunziato L, Petrucelli L, Fisher G. Involvement of D-aspartic acid in the synthesis of testosterone in rat testes. Life Sci. 1996;59(2):97-104.
6.Nagata Y, Homma H, Matsumoto M, Imai K. Stimulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene expression by D-aspartate in rat Leydig cells. FEBS Lett. 1999 Jul 9;454(3):317-20.
7.Arakane F, King SR, Du Y, Kallen CB, Walsh LP, Watari H, Stocco DM, Strauss JF 3rd. Phosphorylation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) modulates its steroidogenic activity. J Biol Chem. 1997 Dec 19;272(51):32656-62.

 

[idmd]

Sounds too good to be true. Test + nitric oxide....what more could a guy want? It's Viagra and cyp all in one. Sounds suspicious to me...

 

[BBC3]

Re: DAA for higher testosterone through LH simulation/stimulation?

A quote from this study...:
http://www.rbej.com/content/pdf/1477-7827-7-120.pdf

Effects of D-aspartate on LH and testosterone release in
humansIn this study 23 participants took an oral dose of sodium
D-aspartate (DADAVIT®) for 12 consecutive days and 20
participants took an oral dose of placebo (DADAVIT® placebo)
for 12 consecutive days; the levels of LH and testosterone
in the serum were monitored after 6 and 12 days
of treatment and 3 days after suspension of the treatment
(with D-aspartate or the placebo). Concerning the LH pattern, the results demonstrated that after 12 days of D-Asp treatment, 20 out of 23 (87%) participants had significantly increased concentrations of LH
in their blood with respect to basal values (the value of LH
found in the same subjects before starting treatment). Statistical
analysis demonstrated that the value (mean ±
SEM) of serum calculated for all the 23 subjects treated
with D-Asp increased by 33.3%. From a basal-level mean
of 4.2 ± 0.5 mIU/ml, LH rose to a mean value of 5.6 ± 0.9
mIU/ml (Table 1). The increase was statistically significant
(ANOVA with repeated measures: [F(2,82) = 24.279, p
< 0.0001]). LH concentration determined in the placebo
group after D-Asp treatment compared with the level
before treatment had not increased [ANOVA: F(1,82) =
0.643, p > 0.427]), thus indicating that the increase of LH
due to D-aspartate treatment was authentic. The effect of
D-aspartate on LH increase was time dependent. When
subjects drank sodium D-aspartate for 6 days, LH
increased only 1.07-fold, and this value was not statistically
significant (Table 1). However, when the treatment
of D-Asp was continued for 12 consecutive days, the LH
concentration in the serum increased significantly (benefit
effects). In order to know how long LH remained
increased in the blood after the suspension of the treatment,
we measured the concentration of LH in the serum
3 days after the D-Asp treatment or the placebo treatment
was suspended. The results indicated that 3 days after suspension
of D-Asp treatment, LH was still found at a 1.14-
fold increased levels compared with the respect of basal
level, but not statistically significant (Table 1).

 

[BBC3]

Re: DAA for higher testosterone through LH simulation/stimulation?

Yea - Sounds a lot like the definition of testosterone in men, dont it...?

Sounds too good to be true. Test + nitric oxide....what more could a guy want? It's Viagra and cyp all in one. Sounds suspicious to me...

 

[BBC3]

Re: DAA for higher testosterone through LH simulation/stimulation?

D-Aspartic Acid: Fail | SteroidTimes.com

This article cites that its bunk because of ONLY a 33% increase. ?!?!

First I see a potential failure as they are vague in their analysis as I speculate they are assuming increases in LH = a dollar for dollar increase in testosterone levels. I am not sure if TT was even measured if they are citing the same study. And you know my thoughts on serum counts.....

 

[BBC3]

Re: DAA for higher testosterone through LH simulation/stimulation?

Occurrence and neuroendocrine role of D-aspartic a... [FEBS Lett. 2003] - PubMed - NCBI
D-Aspartic acid: an endogenous amino acid with... [Brain Res Rev. 2007] - PubMed - NCBI

Now heres a good one....
Occurrence of D-aspartic acid and N-methyl-D-asparti... [FASEB J. 2000] - PubMed - NCBI

Abstract
Using two specific and sensitive fluorometric/HPLC methods and a GC-MS method, alone and in combination with D-aspartate oxidase, we have demonstrated for the first time that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), in addition to D-aspartate (D-Asp), is endogenously present as a natural molecule in rat nervous system and endocrine glands. Both of these amino acids are mostly concentrated at nmol/g levels in the adenohypophysis, hypothalamus, brain, and testis. The adenohypophysis maximally showed the ability to accumulate D-Asp when the latter is exogenously administered. In vivo experiments, consisting of the i.p. injection of D-Asp, showed that D-Asp induced both growth hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) release. However, in vitro experiments showed that D-Asp was able to induce LH release from adenohypophysis only when this gland was co-incubated with the hypothalamus. This is because D-Asp also induces the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus, which in turn is directly responsible for the D-Asp-induced LH secretion from the pituitary gland. Compared to D-Asp, NMDA elicits its hormone release action at concentrations approximately 100-fold lower than D-Asp. D-AP5, a specific NMDA receptor antagonist, inhibited D-Asp and NMDA hormonal activity, demonstrating that these actions are mediated by NMDA receptors. NMDA is biosynthesized from D-Asp by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent enzyme, which we tentatively denominated as NMDA synthase.

 

[Michael Scally MD]

Santillo A, Pinelli C, Burrone L, Baccari GC, Fiore MM. D-Aspartic acid implication in the modulation of frog brain sex steroid levels. Gen Comp Endocrinol. ScienceDirect.com - General and Comparative Endocrinology - D-Aspartic acid implication in the modulation of frog brain sex steroid levels

There is evidence that D-Aspartate (D-Asp) modulates sex hormone levels in frog testis by regulating the activity of P450 aromatase (P450 aro), the key enzyme which converts Testosterone (T) in 17ss-Estradiol (E2). Here we report, for the first time, that there is a direct correlation among brain levels of D-Asp, P450 aro, E2 and Estradiol Receptor (ERalpha) in the male frogs during the reproductive as well as the post-reproductive phases of the breeding cycle, with highest levels being observed in the post-reproductive period. D-Asp i.p. administration to frogs ready for reproduction, induced an increase of brain P450 aro protein expression with concomitant enhancement of both E2 levels and ERalpha expression; at the same time, brain T levels and Androgen receptor expression decreased. In contrast, in the post-reproductive frogs, D-Asp treatment did not modify any of these parameters. Taken together, these results imply that the regulation of P450 aro expression by D-Asp could be an important step in the control of E2 levels in the frog brain.

 

[gymski24]

I figured I would revive this thread, just wondering if anyone has done any additional research on DAA, as far as the safety on it? For someone like me who can't take serms due to occular side effects, I am wondering if daa has the potential for the same type of side effects or not? Also I remember reading on another board that daa is neurotoxic and can have a negative effect on your brain...not sure if that's true or not?

 

[PharmD518]

I've taken d-aspartic acid before. It made me super nervous so I ceased usage. I've done some research into the potential neurotoxic effects and I've read that creatine would protect against it. It was probably broscience so not sure how much truth there is to that.

 

[Michael Scally MD]

Steroidogenic Gene Expression Following D-Aspartate Treatment

Highlights
? In Pelophylax esculentus testis, StAR, P450 aromatase and 5?-reductase mRNA levels change during annual cycle.
? d-Asp treatment increases StAR mRNA levels and immunolocalization in both reproductive and postreproductive periods.
? In reproductive phase, aromatase expression increases with consequent 17?-estradiol synthesis following d-Asp administration.
? In post-reproductive period, both testosterone concentrations and 5?-reductase mRNA levels increase in d-Asp injected frogs.
? d-Asp affects reproductive processes, activating gene expression of key enzymes involved in steroidogenic pathway.


Burrone L, Raucci F, Di Fiore MM. Steroidogenic gene expression following d-aspartate treatment in frog testis. General and Comparative Endocrinology 2012;175(1):109-17. ScienceDirect.com - General and Comparative Endocrinology - Steroidogenic gene expression following d-aspartate treatment in frog testis

Previous studies have provided evidence that d-Asp plays a role in steroid-mediated reproductive biology in amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. To examine the molecular involvement of d-Asp on steroidogenic pathway regulation, we analysed the expression of StAR, P450 aromatase and 5?Red2 mRNAs in Pelophylax esculentus testis, either in relation to the reproductive cycle or d-Asp treatment. Basal StAR mRNA levels, as well as d-Asp and testosterone concentrations, were higher in reproductive than in post-reproductive frogs. d-Asp treatment increased StAR mRNA expression and immunolocalisation in both the reproductive and post-reproductive periods. In control testis, aromatase mRNA levels were higher in the post-reproductive period, but following d-Asp administration, they increased only in the reproductive period. The level of 5?Red2 mRNA was higher in reproductive frogs than in post-reproductive frogs, and it increased after d-Asp treatment only in the post-reproductive phase. Our results suggest that, in P. esculentus testis, d-Asp increases StAR mRNA in both periods, and P450 aromatase and 5?Red2 mRNAs at different points during the reproductive cycle.

 

[Michael Scally MD]

Willoughby DS, Leutholtz B. d-Aspartic acid supplementation combined with 28 days of heavy resistance training has no effect on body composition, muscle strength, and serum hormones associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in resistance-trained men. Nutrition Research. d-Aspartic acid supplementation combined with 28 days of heavy resistance training has no effect on body composition, muscle strength, and serum hormones associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in resistance-trained men

It was hypothesized that d-aspartic acid (D-ASP) supplementation would not increase endogenous testosterone levels or improve muscular performance associated with resistance training. Therefore, body composition, muscle strength, and serum hormone levels associated with the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis were studied after 28 days of resistance training and D-ASP supplementation.

Resistance-trained men resistance trained 4 times/wk for 28 days while orally ingesting either 3 g of placebo or 3 g of D-ASP. Data were analyzed with 2 × 2 analysis of variance (P < .05). Before and after resistance training and supplementation, body composition and muscle strength, serum gonadal hormones, and serum D-ASP and d-aspartate oxidase (DDO) were determined.

Body composition and muscle strength were significantly increased in both groups in response to resistance training (P < .05) but not different from one another (P > .05). Total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and estradiol were unchanged with resistance training and D-ASP supplementation (P > .05). For serum D-ASP and DDO, D-ASP resulted in a slight increase compared with baseline levels (P > .05). For the D-ASP group, the levels of serum DDO were significantly increased compared with placebo (P < .05). The gonadal hormones were unaffected by 28 days of D-ASP supplementation and not associated with the observed increases in muscle strength and mass.

Therefore, at the dose provided, D-ASP supplementation is ineffective in up-regulating the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and has no anabolic or ergogenic effects in skeletal muscle.

 

[Michael Scally MD]

Melville GW, Siegler JC, Marshall PWM. Three and six grams supplementation of d-aspartic acid in resistance trained men. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2015;12:15 http://www.jissn.com/content/12/1/15/abstract

Background Although abundant research has investigated the hormonal effects of d-aspartic acid in rat models, to date there is limited research on humans. Previous research has demonstrated increased total testosterone levels in sedentary men and no significant changes in hormonal levels in resistance trained men. It was hypothesised that a higher dosage may be required for experienced lifters, thus this study investigated the effects of two different dosages of d-aspartic acid on basal hormonal levels in resistance trained men and explored responsiveness to d-aspartic acid based on initial testosterone levels.

Methods Twenty-four males, with a minimum of two years’ experience in resistance training, (age, 24.5 ± 3.2 y; training experience, 3.4 ± 1.4 y; height, 178.5 ± 6.5 cm; weight, 84.7 ± 7.2 kg; bench press 1-RM, 105.3 ± 15.2 kg) were randomised into one of three groups: 6 g.d−1 plain flour (D0); 3 g.d−1 of d-aspartic acid (D3); and 6 g.d−1 of d-aspartic acid (D6). Participants performed a two-week washout period, training four days per week. This continued through the experimental period (14 days), with participants consuming the supplement in the morning. Serum was analysed for levels of testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin, albumin and free testosterone was determined by calculation.

Results D-aspartic acid supplementation revealed no main effect for group in: estradiol; sex-hormone-binding-globulin; and albumin. Total testosterone was significantly reduced in D6 (P = 0.03). Analysis of free testosterone showed that D6 was significantly reduced as compared to D0 (P = 0.005), but not significantly different to D3. Analysis did not reveal any significant differences between D3 and D0. No significant correlation between initial total testosterone levels and responsiveness to d-aspartic acid was observed (r = 0.10, P = 0.70).

Conclusions The present study demonstrated that a daily dose of six grams of d-aspartic acid decreased levels of total testosterone and free testosterone (D6), without any concurrent change in other hormones measured. Three grams of d-aspartic acid had no significant effect on either testosterone markers. It is currently unknown what effect this reduction in testosterone will have on strength and hypertrophy gains.