Emma had HSA. She was diagnosed in February 2019. She passed away almost to the day one year later. We miss her.
[OA] Batschinski K, Nobre A, Vargas-Mendez E, et al. Canine visceral hemangiosarcoma treated with surgery alone or surgery and doxorubicin: 37 cases (2005-2014). Can Vet J. 2018;59(9):967–972. Canine visceral hemangiosarcoma treated with surgery alone or surgery and doxorubicin: 37 cases (2005–2014)
The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine survival times and prognostic factors of dogs with visceral hemangiosarcoma (HSA) treated with surgery alone or surgery and doxorubicin. Medical records from 2 hospitals from 2005 to 2014 were searched for dogs with histopathologically confirmed visceral HSA. Data relevant to patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and outcomes were abstracted.
The most common primary organ affected was the spleen; however, primary tumor location had no influence on prognosis. Twenty-three dogs were treated with surgery alone, while 14 dogs were treated with surgery and doxorubicin.
There was a significant difference in survival times between dogs treated with surgery alone and with surgery followed by doxorubicin (66 days versus 274 days). Dogs with stage I tumors (196 days) had a longer median survival time (MST) than dogs with stage II (117 days) and stage III (23 days) disease. The overall MST was 179 days with a 1-year survival rate of 29.2%.
Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma
Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma - Metropolitan Veterinary Associates
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) of the spleen is a devastating cancer that affects many dogs. It is a cancer of the vascular epithelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels) that comprises roughly 7% of all cancer in canines. This tumor can occur from any site of the body that’s vascular but the most frequent locations in dogs are the spleen (40-50%), right atrium/heart (10-25%), and the skin (15%).
Hemangiosarcoma of the spleen is the most common cancer of the spleen in dogs. Approximately two thirds of dogs with masses of the spleen will have a cancerous tumor and two thirds of those cancerous tumors are HSA. Recent studies have found that 63-70% of dogs presenting with spontaneous hemoabdomen (blood in the abdomen from a non-traumatic event) have HSA of the spleen.
Splenic HSA is highly aggressive such that it grows rapidly and is highly metastatic, meaning the chances of it spreading to other locations of the body at the time of diagnosis is very high (80%). This tumor can spread to anywhere in the body due to its close proximity to blood vessels (i.e. liver, lungs, brain, organs in the abdomen).
Unfortunately, we do not know what causes or predisposes animals to develop this type of cancer but it is believed to have some genetic predisposition as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Labradors are overrepresented.
Most dogs presenting with this cancer are brought to their veterinarian by their owners on an emergent basis due to a range of nonspecific clinical signs such as: decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, increased/labored breathing, swelling of the abdomen, and acute collapse/weakness.
These clinicals signs are due to the major hemorrhage that occurs when the mass in the spleen ruptures and subsequently bleeds. It isn’t uncommon for these episodes of weakness or collapse to be transient over a period of days or weeks due to the rupture of the mass and theorized reabsorption of the blood in the abdomen.
Surgical removal of the splenic mass by removing the entire spleen (splenectomy) is the primary method of treatment for almost all dogs with HSA of the spleen. Unfortunately, due to the aggressive biological nature of this tumor, prognosis for dogs with this tumor is poor even in the face of surgery and adjunctive therapies.
With surgical intervention alone, the median survival time (median survival time is defined as the time period where 50% of patients are still alive; this means however that 50% of the patients are not alive at that time period) varies between one and two months. Survival times may vary depending on the stage of the tumor at the time of treatment.