No offense, but its very easy to get away with running some tests if you're the individual responsible for testing. As a company it wouldn't be possible, but most of the time the bosses just don't care to ask or aren't around.
Nosey coworkers are the real concern. Its safer to test if you work night shift.
The process could be very easy for a person who has the keys and access to the chem lab at a university with the proper equipment. If said person could discreetly receive "unknown" samples to analyze and also discreetly receive the money for the service, I could easily see it happening and it could be potentially lucrative. Access to these services within the United States would be very limited and hard to find IMO, unless you knew "a guy" or you were "the guy" who had access to such equipment.
But I don't believe most people in these situations would take the risk. If your a university student with some leeway why risk your education and all the tuition you paid to test some gear. A professor on the other hand could do these tests quite frequently with little risk as long as they could ensure anonymity when receiving samples or payments for such services.
There should be harm reduction services out there offering this type of testing honestly (no clue if they exist in the states). Certain labs should have the leeway to charge a fee to test a sample and allow a person to know what is inside of it anonymously. I would assume a lab like this would make sure that samples are all properly logged and disposed of after analysis. These labs of course would have to be allowed to handle possible controlled substances for the sole intent of testing however.