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Zuckerman M, Li C, Diener E. Religion as an Exchange System: The Interchangeability of God and Government in a Provider Role. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2018. SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research
An exchange model of religion implies that if a secular entity such as government provides what people need, they will be less likely to seek help from supernatural entities.
Controlling for quality of life and income inequality (Gini), we found that better government services were related to lower religiosity among countries (Study 1) and states in the United States (Study 2).
Study 2 also showed that during 2008-2013, better government services in a specific year predicted lower religiosity 1 to 2 years later.
In both studies, a combination of better government services and quality of life was related to a particularly low level of religiosity.
Among countries, government services moderated the relation between religiosity and two measures of well-being, such that religiosity was related to greater well-being only when government services were low.
We discuss the relation between the exchange model and other theoretical approaches to religion.
On this we agree, the vast amount of the sheep (80/20 rule) need some kind of higher power to provide the pillar for their lives, whether a God or Government - look, they both begin with a G.
They way Christians in the olden days (even now I guess) chanted "God will provide" is pretty damn identical to liberals and their "Gov't will provide" ideology. God and clergy replaced by politicians as gods and their bureaucratic minions as angels.